Demonstration of a new degree of freedom in wireless routing: concurrent cooperative transmission

Cluster transmission, also called Concurrent Cooperative Transmission (CCT) in this paper, enables a collection of power-constrained embedded sensors to transmit as a group and achieve a transmit range that is much greater than the range of a single device. CCT brings a new flexibility to the network layer; for example, CT can be used for load balancing or for overcoming a partition. CCT is also the basis for a fast, contention-free method of broadcasting. A method for achieving cluster transmit time synchronization is described for the non-coherent FSK type of modulation. In this method, nodes derive their synchronization from a received packet. Experimental results are presented for an indoor office environment at 2.4 GHz. Root mean squared (rms) transmit time spreads are reported for a two-hop network as well as for a "ping pong" experiment, which has ten consecutive CCT hops. Examples of CCT range extension are also presented.

[1]  Daniel J. Velleman.  American Mathematical Monthly , 2010 .

[2]  Rajendra Bhatia,et al.  A Better Bound on the Variance , 2000, Am. Math. Mon..

[3]  Mary Ann Ingram,et al.  Residual-Energy-Activated Cooperative Transmission (REACT) to Avoid the Energy Hole , 2010, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops.

[4]  E. Zahedi,et al.  Packet Synchronization Structure with Peak Detection Algorithm for MB-OFDM UWB , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Conference on Semiconductor Electronics.

[5]  H. Vincent Poor,et al.  Distributed transmit beamforming: challenges and recent progress , 2009, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[6]  J. Nicholas Laneman,et al.  An experimental framework for the evaluation of cooperative diversity , 2009, 2009 43rd Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems.

[7]  Ashutosh Sabharwal,et al.  On Building a Cooperative Communication System: Testbed Implementation and First Results , 2009, EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw..

[8]  M.A. Ingram,et al.  Reactive Robust Routing with Opportunistic Large Arrays , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops.

[9]  Elza Erkip,et al.  Cooperative network implementation using open-source platforms , 2009, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[10]  Aggelos Bletsas,et al.  Implementing cooperative diversity antenna arrays with commodity hardware , 2006, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[11]  Mary Ann Ingram,et al.  Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks that have an Opportunistic Large Array (OLA) Physical Layer , 2009, Ad Hoc Sens. Wirel. Networks.

[12]  Gregory W. Wornell,et al.  Cooperative diversity in wireless networks: Efficient protocols and outage behavior , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory.

[13]  Mary Ann Ingram,et al.  Cluster Transmission Time Synchronization for Cooperative Transmission Using Software-Defined Radio , 2010, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops.

[14]  Anna Scaglione,et al.  Asymptotic analysis of multistage cooperative broadcast in wireless networks , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory.

[15]  A. Goldsmith,et al.  The effect of time synchronization errors on the performance of cooperative MISO systems , 2004, IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference Workshops, 2004. GlobeCom Workshops 2004..

[16]  K.M. Chugg,et al.  Barrage relay networks for cooperative transport in tactical MANETs , 2008, MILCOM 2008 - 2008 IEEE Military Communications Conference.

[17]  Mary Ann Ingram,et al.  Alternating opportunistic large arrays in broadcasting for network lifetime extension , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.