ANMCO POSITION PAPER: Considerations on in-hospital cardiological consultations and cardiology outpatient clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract Infections by SARS CoV2 - COVID-19 have become in a short time a worldwide health emergency. Due to cardiovascular implications of COVID-19 and to very frequent previous cardiovascular disorders of COVID-19 patients, it is presently crucial that Cardiologists are fully aware of COVID-19 related epidemiological, pathophysiological and therapeutic problems, in order to manage at best the present emergency by appropriate protocols developed on the basis of the competences acquired and shared on the field. The aim of this document is to propose algorithms for the management of cardiovascular diseases during COVID-19 emergency with the objective of providing patients with optimal care, minimizing contagion risk and appropriately managing personal protective equipment.

[1]  Y. Hu,et al.  [Asymptomatic infection of COVID-19 and its challenge to epidemic prevention and control]. , 2020, Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi.

[2]  C. Eastin,et al.  Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China , 2020, The Journal of Emergency Medicine.

[3]  Giacomo Grasselli,et al.  Critical Care Utilization for the COVID-19 Outbreak in Lombardy, Italy: Early Experience and Forecast During an Emergency Response. , 2020, JAMA.

[4]  Xin Zhou,et al.  Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China , 2020, The Journal of Emergency Medicine.

[5]  Bo Li,et al.  Prevalence and impact of cardiovascular metabolic diseases on COVID-19 in China , 2020, Clinical Research in Cardiology.

[6]  Jie Zeng,et al.  How to balance acute myocardial infarction and COVID-19: the protocols from Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital , 2020, Intensive Care Medicine.

[7]  J. Hollander,et al.  Virtually Perfect? Telemedicine for Covid-19. , 2020, The New England journal of medicine.

[8]  C Chen,et al.  [Analysis of myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19 and association between concomitant cardiovascular diseases and severity of COVID-19]. , 2020, Zhonghua xin xue guan bing za zhi.

[9]  Xiang Xie,et al.  COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system , 2020, Nature Reviews Cardiology.

[10]  G. Herrler,et al.  SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor , 2020, Cell.

[11]  Z. Y. Wei,et al.  [Myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia]. , 2020, Zhonghua xin xue guan bing za zhi.

[12]  M. He,et al.  [Clinical characteristics and outcomes of 112 cardiovascular disease patients infected by 2019-nCoV]. , 2020, Zhonghua xin xue guan bing za zhi.

[13]  R. Fumagalli,et al.  The response of Milan's Emergency Medical System to the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy , 2020, The Lancet.

[14]  G. Su,et al.  [Inhibitors of RAS Might Be a Good Choice for the Therapy of COVID-19 Pneumonia]. , 2020, Zhonghua jie he he hu xi za zhi = Zhonghua jiehe he huxi zazhi = Chinese journal of tuberculosis and respiratory diseases.