Entrepreneurs in Academe: An Exploration of Behaviors Among Life Scientists

A study explored entrepreneurship in theresearch university. The data were collected in 2 surveys conducted in 1985 -one of a sample of life scientists located in major research universities andthe other of key administrators in the same universities. Five types ofacademic entrepreneurship were identified: 1. engaging in externally fundedresearch, 2. earning supplemental income, 3. gaining industry support foruniversity research, 4. obtaining patents or generating trade secrets, and 5.forming or holding equity in private companies based on a faculty member's ownresearch. Individual attitudes and characteristics were the most importantpredictors of large-scale science and supplemental income, while local groupnorms played a more important role in predicting active involvement incommercialization. (Publisher abstract)

[1]  B. Clark,et al.  The Higher Education System , 2023 .

[2]  H. E. King.  The Achievement Motive , 1977 .

[3]  Roland J. Liebert.  Research-Grant Getting and Productivity among Scholars: Recent National Patterns of Competition and Favor , 1977 .

[4]  Herbert W. Marsh,et al.  Academic Productivity and Faculty Supplemental Income. , 1980 .

[5]  W. J. Vrakking,et al.  The innovative organization , 1990 .

[6]  R. Kanter.  The Change Masters , 1983 .

[7]  Robert K. Merton,et al.  Resistance to the Systematic Study of Multiple Discoveries in Science , 1963, European Journal of Sociology.

[8]  D Blumenthal,et al.  Industrial support of university research in biotechnology. , 1986, Science.

[9]  Frank M. Andrews,et al.  Scientists in Organizations , 1968 .

[10]  J. Pfeffer,et al.  Power in University Budgeting: A Replication and Extension. , 1980 .

[11]  C. Boyer,et al.  And on the Seventh Day: Faculty Consulting and Supplemental Income , 1985 .

[12]  R. Merton.  The Matthew Effect in Science , 1968, Science.

[13]  J. Pfeffer,et al.  Organizational Decision Making as a Political Process: The Case of a UniversityBudget. , 1974 .

[14]  Paul S. Goodman,et al.  New perspectives on organizational effectiveness , 1977 .

[15]  J. Ravetz.  Scientific Knowledge and Its Social Problems , 2020 .

[16]  K. Weick.  Educational organizations as loosely coupled systems , 1976, Gestión y Estrategia.

[17]  D. Mcclelland,et al.  The Achievement Motive , 1954 .

[18]  Lawrence R. Jauch,et al.  Organizational Loyalty, Professional Commitment, and Academic Research Productivity , 1978 .

[19]  John W. Slocum,et al.  Managing corporate culture through reward systems , 1987 .

[20]  J. Baldridge,et al.  Organizational Innovation: Individual, Organizational, and Environmental Impacts. , 1975 .

[21]  S. Rosenblum,et al.  Stability and Change: Innovation in an Educational Context , 1981 .

[22]  Daniel Alpert,et al.  Performance and Paralysis: The Organizational Context of the American Research University. , 1985 .

[23]  D. Whetten,et al.  Organizational Effectiveness: A Comparison of Multiple Models , 1984 .