Landscapes of Fear and Stress

Fear of crime is a major urban stressor. Certain areas-hot spots of fear-evoke higher levels of fear than others. In conditions of general wariness, certain proximate cues should evoke site-specific fears. This research examined 3 proximate cues to fear: physical entrapment, and 2 aspects of concealment-hiding places and dark spots. Twenty-six college females walked a route after dark and reported their feelings into a recorder. Content analysis of the comments revealed that concealment and, to a lesser extent, entrapment evoked fear. Such knowledge can inform policy to reduce fear and stress.

[1]  Ralph B. Taylor,et al.  The physical-environment of street blocks and resident perceptions of crime and disorder: Implications for theory and measurement , 1992 .

[2]  Stephen Kaplan,et al.  The restorative benefits of nature: Toward an integrative framework , 1995 .

[3]  I. Altman,et al.  Handbook of environmental psychology , 1987 .

[4]  J. Jacobs The Death and Life of Great American Cities , 1962 .

[5]  Mark Warr,et al.  Dangerous Situations: Social Context and Fear of Victimization , 1990 .

[6]  L. M. Anderson,et al.  Perception of Personal Safety in Urban Recreation Sites , 1984 .

[7]  C. Nee,et al.  THE ROLE OF CUES IN SIMULATED RESIDENTIAL BURGLARYA Preliminary Investigation , 1988 .

[8]  Thomas R. Herzog,et al.  A Cognitive Analysis of Preference for Natural Environments: Mountains, Canyons, and Deserts , 1987, Landscape Journal.

[9]  S. Riger Crime as an environmental stressor , 1985 .

[10]  Jack L. Nasar,et al.  Fear of Crime in Relation to Three Exterior Site Features , 1992 .

[11]  Jack L. Nasar,et al.  Proximate physical cues to fear of crime , 1993 .

[12]  Jack L. Nasar,et al.  ‘Hot spots’ of fear and crime: A multi-method investigation , 1993 .

[13]  Gordon Cullen The Concise Townscape , 1971 .

[14]  C. Ross Fear of victimization and health , 1993 .

[15]  Wesley G. Skogan,et al.  Coping With Crime: Individual and Neighborhood Reactions , 1981 .

[16]  Kazunori Hanyu,et al.  The affective meaning of Tokyo: Verbal and non-verbal approaches , 1993 .

[17]  Michael D. Maltz,et al.  Mapping Crime in Its Community Setting: Event Geography Analysis , 1990 .

[18]  Neil Alan Weiner,et al.  Crime Prevention through Environmental Design , 1971 .

[19]  Steven P. Lab Crime prevention: Approaches, practices, and evaluations , 1988 .

[20]  Irwin Altman,et al.  Territoriality, defensible space and residential burglary: An environmental analysis , 1983 .

[21]  R. Ornstein,et al.  The evolution of consciousness : of Darwin, Freud, and cranial fire : the origins of the way we think , 1991 .

[22]  Chris Hale,et al.  EXPLAINING FEAR OF CRIME , 1988 .

[23]  Norman Webb,et al.  The Gallup report , 1982 .

[24]  Ralph B. Taylor,et al.  NEIGHBORHOOD-LEVEL LINKS BETWEEN PHYSICAL FEATURES AND LOCAL SENTIMENTS DETERIORATION, FEAR OF CRIME, AND CONFIDENCE , 1985 .

[25]  Mark Warr,et al.  Fear of Rape Among Urban Women , 1985 .

[26]  J. Nasar Adult Viewers' Preferences in Residential Scenes , 1983 .

[27]  O. Newman,et al.  Defensible Space; Crime Prevention Through Urban Design. , 1973 .

[28]  H. Selye Selye's Guide to Stress Research , 1980 .

[29]  Tony Hiss,et al.  The Experience Of Place , 1990 .

[30]  J. Wohlwill Environmental Aesthetics: The Environment as a Source of Affect , 1976 .