Statistical Analysis of FSO Links Employing Multiple Transmitter/Receiver Strategy over Double-Generalized and Gamma–Gamma Fading Channel Using Different Modulation Techniques

Abstract Free space optical (FSO) communication links have recently received lot of attention as high bandwidth and cost-effective access technique. However, the transmission medium, i. e. atmosphere, itself is a major spoilsport factor as atmospheric turbulence may lead to fading. The legacy of spatial diversity techniques which have already proven their worth as effective mechanism to counter channel fading in radio links has also been extended to FSO links in this paper. A mathematical model to evaluate error rate performance of FSO links over strong turbulent conditions using gamma–gamma and double-generalized gamma channel model for different modulation techniques has also been included. It was observed that higher modulation techniques such as binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and differential phase shift keying (DPSK) allow superior error performance as compared to on–off keying (OOK) links, and this performance further enhances with incorporation of spatial diversity techniques. However, across different diversity options, explained in this paper, BPSK–MISO links were the best choice for turbulent conditions.

[1]  George S. Tombras,et al.  On the use of wavelength and time diversity in optical wireless communication systems over gamma-gamma turbulence channels , 2012 .

[2]  Murat Uysal,et al.  Generalized performance analysis of mixed RF/FSO systems , 2014, 2014 3rd International Workshop in Optical Wireless Communications (IWOW).

[3]  George S. Tombras,et al.  Average Capacity of Optical Wireless Communication Systems Over Atmospheric Turbulence Channels , 2009 .

[4]  L. Andrews,et al.  Mathematical model for the irradiance probability density function of a laser beam propagating through turbulent media , 2001 .

[5]  George K. Karagiannidis,et al.  Optical wireless links with spatial diversity over strong atmospheric turbulence channels , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[6]  Mohsen Kavehrad,et al.  A Novel Statistical Channel Model for Turbulence-Induced Fading in Free-Space Optical Systems , 2015, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[7]  E. Jakeman,et al.  Significance of K Distributions in Scattering Experiments , 1978 .

[8]  Bernard Sklar,et al.  Digital communications : fundamentals and applications , 2020 .

[9]  Miglani,et al.  Review of Channel Modelling for Optical Wireless Links , 2022 .

[10]  Songnian Fu,et al.  Performance comparison of different modulation formats over free-space optical (FSO) turbulence links with space diversity reception technique , 2009, IEEE Photonics Journal.

[11]  A. García-Zambrana,et al.  Asymptotic error-rate analysis of FSO links using transmit laser selection over gamma-gamma atmospheric turbulence channels with pointing errors. , 2012, Optics express.

[12]  Georges Kaddoum,et al.  Optical Communication in Space: Challenges and Mitigation Techniques , 2017, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[13]  Mohamed-Slim Alouini,et al.  Digital Communication Over Fading Channels: A Unified Approach to Performance Analysis , 2000 .

[14]  M. A. Kashani,et al.  A novel statistical model for turbulence-induced fading in free-space optical systems , 2013, 2013 15th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON).

[15]  Mohsen Kavehrad,et al.  BER Performance of Free-Space Optical Transmission with Spatial Diversity , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[16]  Mohamed-Slim Alouini,et al.  Dual-Hop FSO Transmission Systems Over Gamma–Gamma Turbulence With Pointing Errors , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[17]  Mohamed-Slim Alouini,et al.  Performance Analysis of Free-Space Optical Communication Systems With Multiuser Diversity Over Atmospheric Turbulence Channels , 2014, IEEE Photonics Journal.

[18]  Hector E. Nistazakis,et al.  Comparative performance study of one or multiple receivers schemes for FSO links over gamma–gamma turbulence channels , 2012 .

[19]  Mohsen Kavehrad,et al.  On the performance of MIMO FSO communications over Double Generalized Gamma fading channels , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[20]  George K. Karagiannidis,et al.  Advanced Optical Wireless Communication Systems: Optical wireless communication theory , 2012 .

[21]  Murat Uysal,et al.  Survey on Free Space Optical Communication: A Communication Theory Perspective , 2014, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[22]  Albert Guillén i Fàbregas,et al.  Outage probability of the free-space optical channel with doubly stochastic scintillation , 2009, 2008 International Symposium on Information Theory and Its Applications.

[23]  I. S. Gradshteyn,et al.  Table of Integrals, Series, and Products , 1976 .

[24]  Marco Chiani,et al.  New exponential bounds and approximations for the computation of error probability in fading channels , 2003, IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun..

[25]  E. Stacy.  A Generalization of the Gamma Distribution , 1962 .

[26]  Arun K. Majumdar,et al.  Free-space laser communication performance in the atmospheric channel , 2005 .

[27]  L. Andrews,et al.  Laser Beam Propagation Through Random Media , 1998 .

[28]  Ivan B. Djordjevic,et al.  Coherent Multimode OAM Superpositions for Multidimensional Modulation , 2014, IEEE Photonics Journal.

[29]  Manav R. Bhatnagar,et al.  Performance Analysis of Gamma–Gamma Fading FSO MIMO Links With Pointing Errors , 2016, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[30]  J. Churnside,et al.  Log-normal Rician probability-density function of optical scintillations in the turbulent atmosphere , 1987 .