Mammary Gland Development in Adult Mice Requires Epithelial and Stromal Estrogen Receptor α.

Complete mammary gland development takes place following puberty and depends on the estrogen receptor (ER)α and the progesterone receptor (PR) and is tightly regulated by the interaction of the mammary epithelium with the stromal compartment. Studies using mammary tissues of immature mice have indicated that stromal but not epithelial ERα is required for mammary gland growth. This study investigates whether these same tissue growth requirements of neonate tissue are necessary for mammary development and response in adult mice. Mammary epithelial cells were isolated from adult mice with a targeted disruption of the ERα gene (αERKO) or from wild-type counterparts and injected into epithelial-free mammary fat pads of 3-wk-old female αERKO or wild-type mice. Ten weeks after cell injection, analysis of mammary gland whole mounts showed that both stromal and epithelial ERα were required for complete mammary gland development in adult mice. However, when the mice were treated with high doses of estradiol (E2) an...

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