Should payment policy be changed to allow a wider range of EMS transport options?

[1]  J. Maselli,et al.  Comparison of presenting complaint vs discharge diagnosis for identifying " nonemergency" emergency department visits. , 2013, JAMA.

[2]  B. Carr,et al.  Realigning reimbursement policy and financial incentives to support patient-centered out-of-hospital care. , 2013, JAMA.

[3]  A. Kellermann,et al.  Emergency departments, Medicaid costs, and access to primary care--understanding the link. , 2012, The New England journal of medicine.

[4]  P. Barr.  Trauma in EMS. Emergency medical services system faces myriad challenges, including overhaul of reimbursement structure. , 2012, Modern healthcare.

[5]  D. Yealy,et al.  Medical Necessity in Emergency Medical Services Transports , 2012, American journal of medical quality : the official journal of the American College of Medical Quality.

[6]  L. Brown,et al.  EMS Provider Determinations of Necessity for Transport and Reimbursement for EMS Response, Medical Care, and Transport: Combined Resource Document for the National Association of EMS Physicians Position Statements , 2011, Prehospital emergency care : official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors.

[7]  J. Erich.  Different destinations. London's Clinical Assessment Units help steer patients right. , 2011, EMS world.

[8]  Ateev Mehrotra,et al.  Many emergency department visits could be managed at urgent care centers and retail clinics. , 2010, Health affairs.

[9]  Emma Knowles,et al.  An initiative to provide emergency healthcare for older people in the community: the impact on carers , 2010, Emergency Medicine Journal.

[10]  S. Hoyle,et al.  The changing face of prehospital care in New Zealand: the role of extended care paramedics. , 2010, The New Zealand medical journal.

[11]  A P Pearce,et al.  Emergency medical services at the crossroads , 2009, Emergency Medicine Journal.

[12]  S. Dixon,et al.  Is it cost effective to introduce paramedic practitioners for older people to the ambulance service? Results of a cluster randomised controlled trial , 2009, Emergency Medicine Journal.

[13]  B. Knapp,et al.  EMS-initiated refusal of transport: the current state of affairs. , 2009, The Journal of emergency medicine.

[14]  Jennifer Prince,et al.  Prospective Evaluation of an Emergency Medical Services-Administered Alternative Transport Protocol , 2009, Prehospital emergency care : official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors.

[15]  M. Hubble,et al.  Paramedic Determinations of Medical Necessity: A Meta-Analysis , 2009, Prehospital emergency care : official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors.

[16]  R. Niska,et al.  National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2006 emergency department summary. , 2008, National health statistics reports.

[17]  H. Snooks,et al.  Safety of paramedics with extended skills. , 2007, Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.

[18]  Kevin E McVaney,et al.  How well do paramedics predict admission to the hospital? A prospective study. , 2006, The Journal of emergency medicine.

[19]  T. Schmidt,et al.  Reasons why patients choose an ambulance and willingness to consider alternatives. , 2006, Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.

[20]  C. Florence.  Nonurgent care in the emergency department: can we save by shifting the site of care? , 2005, Annals of emergency medicine.

[21]  Timothy G. Price,et al.  Prehospital Provider Prediction of Emergency Department Disposition: , 2005 .

[22]  S. Mason,et al.  Developing alternative ambulance response schemes: analysis of attitudes, barriers, and change , 2004, Emergency Medicine Journal.

[23]  L. Brown,et al.  Developing research criteria to define medical necessity in emergency medical services. , 2004, Prehospital emergency care : official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors.

[24]  N. Mann,et al.  Defining research criteria to characterize medical necessity in emergency medical services: a consensus among experts at the Neely Conference. , 2004, Prehospital emergency care : official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors.

[25]  R. Zalenski,et al.  P REHOSPITAL O N-SITE T RIAGING , 2003, Prehospital emergency care : official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors.

[26]  M. Gratton,et al.  P ROSPECTIVE D ETERMINATION OF M EDICAL N ECESSITY FOR A MBULANCE T RANSPORT BY P ARAMEDICS , 2003 .

[27]  T. Rea,et al.  A N E MERGENCY M EDICAL S ERVICES P ROGRAM OF A LTERNATE D ESTINATION OF P ATIENT C ARE , 2002, Prehospital emergency care : official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors.

[28]  S. Silvestri,et al.  C AN P ARAMEDICS A CCURATELY I DENTIFY P ATIENTS W HO D O N OT R EQUIRE E MERGENCY D EPARTMENT C ARE ? , 2002, Prehospital emergency care : official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors.

[29]  M. Hauswald.  C AN P ARAMEDICS S AFELY D ECIDE W HICH P ATIENTS D O N OT N EED A MBULANCE T RANSPORT OR E MERGENCY D EPARTMENT C ARE ? , 2002, Prehospital emergency care : official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors.

[30]  M. Levitt,et al.  Can paramedics using guidelines accurately triage patients? , 2001, Annals of emergency medicine.

[31]  N. Mann,et al.  H OSPITAL F OLLOW - UP OF P ATIENTS C ATEGORIZED AS N OT N EEDING AN A MBULANCE U SING A S ET OF E MERGENCY M EDICAL T ECHNICIAN P ROTOCOLS , 2001, Prehospital emergency care : official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors.

[32]  N. Mann,et al.  Evaluation of protocols allowing emergency medical technicians to determine need for treatment and transport. , 2000, Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.

[33]  J. Richards,et al.  Triage Ability of Emergency Medical Services Providers and Patient Disposition: A Prospective Study , 1999, Prehospital and Disaster Medicine.

[34]  E. Lerner,et al.  Triage, Transportation, and Destination Decisions by Out-of-Hospital Emergency Care Providers , 1998, Prehospital and Disaster Medicine.

[35]  K. Neely,et al.  Multiple options and unique pathways: a new direction for EMS? , 1997, Annals of emergency medicine.

[36]  R. Swor,et al.  Derivation and validation of criteria for determining the appropriateness of nonemergency ambulance transports. , 1997, Prehospital emergency care : official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors.

[37]  E. Lerner,et al.  A multisite survey of factors contributing to medically unnecessary ambulance transports. , 1996, Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.

[38]  P. Schnitzer,et al.  The “No-Patient” Run: 2,698 Patients Evaluated but Not Transported by Paramedics , 1991, Prehospital and Disaster Medicine.

[39]  Barry D Smith,et al.  Alternatives to the ED. In Reno, EMS will be paid even without transporting. , 2013, EMS world.

[40]  B. Zachariah.  The problem of ambulance misuse: whose problem is it, anyway? , 1999, Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.