Benefits of Using Mobile Ad-Hoc Network Protocols in Federated Satellite Systems for Polar Satellite Missions

The operational network of individual observation nodes project evaluated the benefits of applying distributed satellite system (DSS) architectures to Earth observation. One of its outcomes is the identification of Arctic services as top priority current user needs that require near-real-time observations. Using inter-satellite communications (ISC) capabilities, a federated satellite system (FSS) can establish a win-win collaboration between two spacecrafts to provide these services. However, as a FSS is established during the contact between two satellites, the service duration is limited. Therefore, the Internet of satellites (IoSat) paradigm promotes the use of multi-hop sporadic networks to deploy FSS. In this paper, the routing protocol (which identifies routes between a source-destination pair) becomes crucial. One of the most extended networks is the mobile ad-hoc network (MANET), in which nodes are constantly moving and changing the network topology. In principle, applying MANET technologies in the IoSat context would provide self-organization, self-configuration, and flexibility to satellite systems. The optimized link-state routing (OLSR) protocol is the predominant solution in MANET, because it quickly reacts against topology changes. This paper aims at studying the benefits of using satellite networks with MANET solutions (e.g. OLSR) for polar satellite missions. The results presented in this article demonstrate that the access time is significantly improved, and thus these new Arctic services can be achieved.