Nano-selenium foliar applications enhance the nutrient quality of pepper by activating the capsaicinoid synthetic pathway.

Increasing the crop quality through enhancement of plant health is challenging task. In this study, nano-selenium (nano-Se) were sprayed on pepper leaves, and the pepper components were compared with that of selenite. It's found that nano-Se (20 mg/L) resulted in greater performance on plant heath. It increased chlorophyll and soluble sugar levels, which could activate phenylpropane and branched-chain fatty acid pathways, as well as AT3-related enzymes and genes expressions. These dead to enhancement for synthesis of capsaicinoids, flavonoids, and total phenols. The nano-Se treatment also significantly promoted expression of phyto-hormones synthesis genes, consequently increasing jasmonic, abscisic and salicylic acid levels. Proline pathway-related compounds were increased, which could decrease malondialdehyde and hydroxyl radical levels in crops. In conclusion, this study show that nano-Se activated capsaicinoid pathways through enhancing photosynthesis and raising soluble sugar levels. The capsaicinoid contents in peppers were then increased, consequently promoting the accumulation of secondary metabolites and antioxidants. KEYWORDS: nano-selenium, pepper, capsaicinoids, phytohormones, nutrients, antioxidant capacity.

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