Gender Differences in Computer Education: A Costa Rican Case Study

A time allocation study was designed to determine how two types of teachers spend their time in a primary school computer lab in Costa Rica. As a group, teachers of both types were found to allocate more of their time to boys than to girls. Moreover, boys were found to monopolize the primary teaching resource (the formally trained lab teacher), leaving girls to seek assistance from the secondary resource (their regular classroom teacher). Results of the study have important implications both for the anthropology of education and for Costa Rican society at large.

[1]  G. Thompson,et al.  Sex differences in the distribution of teacher approval and disapproval among sixth-grade children. , 1956 .

[2]  H. Cooper,et al.  Classroom Interaction as a Function of Teacher Expectations, Student Sex, and Time of Year. , 1980 .

[3]  R. Huntington Sexism in the Classroom. , 1986 .

[4]  Myra Sadker,et al.  Sexism in the Classroom: From Grade School to Graduate School. , 1986 .

[5]  M. G. Jones,et al.  Gender differences in teacher‐student interactions in science classrooms , 1990 .

[6]  Michael W. Apple,et al.  Teachers and Texts: A Political Economy of Class and Gender Relations in Education , 1988 .

[7]  Marlaine E. Lockheed 8 – Some Determinants and Consequences of Sex Segregation in the Classroom* , 1985 .

[8]  T. Good,et al.  Educational psychology: A realistic approach , 1977 .

[9]  K. Krendl,et al.  Children and Computers: Do Sex-Related Differences Persist? , 1989 .

[10]  Tiffany M Field,et al.  Preschool Play: Effects of Teacher/Child Ratios and Organization of Classroom Space. , 1980 .

[11]  M. Erickson,et al.  Teachers’ Verbal and Nonverbal Communication Patterns as a Function of Teacher Race, Student Gender, and Student Race , 1983 .

[12]  R. Eisler,et al.  Gender Bias in the College Classroom: A Critical Review of the Literature and Implications for Future Research. , 1995 .

[13]  Catherine Fulford,et al.  Are Interaction Time and Psychological Interactivity the Same Thing in the Distance Learning Television Classroom , 1994 .

[14]  María Yépez An observation of gender-specific teacher behavior in the ESL classroom , 1994 .

[15]  M. G. Jones,et al.  Gender Influences in Classroom Displays and Student-Teacher Behaviors. , 1989 .

[16]  M. Isaacs,et al.  Action Zone Theory and the Hearing-Impaired Student in the Mainstreamed Classroom. , 1984 .

[17]  Karen O'Donnell Computer Laboratory Assistant Interactions with Communication Students. , 1993 .

[18]  Nancy G. Lewis,et al.  Sex Role and Social Behavior in Four School Environments , 1977, The Elementary School Journal.

[19]  D. Demetrulias,et al.  Discrimination Against Females and Minorities in Microcomputer Advertising , 1983 .

[20]  C. Etaugh,et al.  Behaviors of Male and Female Teachers as Related to Behaviors and Attitudes of Elementary School Children , 1975 .

[21]  S. Hillman,et al.  Teacher-Student Interactions in Desegregated Schools. , 1978 .

[22]  Peter Delefes,et al.  Teacher-pupil interaction as a function of location in the classroom† , 1972 .

[23]  Phyllis C. Blumenfeld,et al.  5 – Classroom Experiences and Student Gender: Are There Differences and Do They Matter?* , 1985 .

[24]  J. Sanders,et al.  The neuter computer: computers for girls and boys , 1986 .

[25]  Sarah Hall Sternglanz,et al.  Sex differences in student—teacher interactions in the college classroom , 1977 .

[26]  M. G. Jones Action Zone Theory, Target Students and Science Classroom Interactions. , 1990 .

[27]  Jere Brophy,et al.  Teachers' communication of differential expectations for children's classroom performance: Some beha , 1970 .

[28]  Louise J. Cherry The preschool teacher-child dyad: Sex differences in verbal interaction. , 1975 .

[29]  3 – Listening to Adolescents: Gender Differences in Science Classroom Interaction* , 1985 .

[30]  Daniel R. Gross Time Allocation: A Tool For the Study of Cultural Behavior , 1984 .

[31]  M. Ware,et al.  Sex-role messages vis-à-vis microcomputer use: A look at the pictures , 1985 .

[32]  H. Biber Feminization in Preschool. , 1972 .

[33]  Shirley Matile Ogletree,et al.  Gender roles, computer attitudes, and dyadic computer interaction performance in college students , 1993 .

[34]  T. Good,et al.  Effects of Teacher Sex and Student Sex on Classroom Interaction. , 1973 .

[35]  L. Serbin,et al.  A comparison of teacher response to the preacademic and problem behavior of boys and girls. , 1973, Child development.

[36]  O. L. Davis,et al.  Teacher Behavior toward Boys and Girls during First Grade Reading Instruction1 , 1967 .

[37]  P. Boersma,et al.  Sex differences in college student-teacher interactions: Fact or fantasy? , 1981 .

[38]  P. Peterson,et al.  Teacher-student interactions and sex-related differences in learning mathematics , 1986 .

[39]  Laurie D. Edwards Mathematical Explorations in Logo: Report of a Pilot Study from Costa Rica. , 1994 .

[40]  Susan S. Klein,et al.  The Issue of Gender in Elementary and Secondary Education , 1991 .

[41]  M. Ebbeck,et al.  Equity for boys and girls: Some important issues , 1984 .

[42]  Mele Koneya,et al.  Location and Interaction in Row-and-Column Seating Arrangements , 1976 .

[43]  T. Good,et al.  Student Passivity: A Study of Question Asking in K-12 Classrooms. , 1987 .

[44]  B. Fagot Influence of teacher behavior in the preschool. , 1973 .

[45]  J. Kupersmidt,et al.  Costa Rican children's perceptions of their social networks , 1991 .

[46]  David A. Karp,et al.  The college classroom: Some observations on the meanings of student participation. , 1976 .

[47]  J. E. Long The Effects of Teacher Sex Equity and Effectiveness Training on Classroom Interaction at the University Level. , 1986 .

[48]  Kenneth Tobin,et al.  The Role of Target Students in the Science Classroom. , 1987 .

[49]  Gaea Leinhardt,et al.  Learning What's Taught: Sex Differences in Instruction. , 1979 .

[50]  A. Honig,et al.  Teacher questions to male and female toddlers , 1982 .

[51]  S. Siegel,et al.  Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences , 2022, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Research Design.

[52]  V. Clarke Sex Differences in Computing Participation: Concerns, Extent, Reasons and Strategies , 1990 .

[53]  Randolph R. Cornelius,et al.  The Chilly Climate: Fact or Artifact?. , 1988 .

[54]  Pamela J. Garnett,et al.  Gender Related Differences in Science Activities. , 1987 .

[55]  Rosemary E. Sutton Equity and Computers in the Schools: A Decade of Research , 1991 .

[56]  Judith Whyte Observing Sex Stereotypes and Interactions in the School Lab and Workshop , 1984 .

[57]  Heidy Wienekamp,et al.  Does unconscious behaviour of teachers cause chemistry lessons to be unpopular with girls , 1987 .

[58]  T. Levin,et al.  Effect of Gender and Computer Experience on Attitudes toward Computers , 1989 .

[59]  Mavis Hiltunen Biesanz,et al.  The Costa Ricans , 1982 .