COGNITIVE DEFICITS AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES IN MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER: DETERMINANTS, SUBSTRATES, AND TREATMENT INTERVENTIONS

Few reports have aimed to describe the mediational effect of cognitive deficits on functional outcomes in major depressive disorder (MDD), and relatively few interventions are demonstrated to mitigate cognitive deficits in MDD.

[1]  Olga V. Demler,et al.  The epidemiology of major depressive disorder: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). , 2003, JAMA.

[2]  G. MacQueen,et al.  Cerebellar vermis volume in major depressive disorder , 2013, Brain Structure and Function.

[3]  Yonggui Yuan,et al.  Influence and interaction of genetic polymorphisms in catecholamine neurotransmitter systems and early life stress on antidepressant drug response. , 2011, Journal of affective disorders.

[4]  A. Andreazza.  Combining redox-proteomics and epigenomics to explain the involvement of oxidative stress in psychiatric disorders. , 2012, Molecular bioSystems.

[5]  Cornelius Katona,et al.  A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, duloxetine-referenced, fixed-dose study comparing the efficacy and safety of Lu AA21004 in elderly patients with major depressive disorder , 2012, International clinical psychopharmacology.

[6]  R. McIntyre,et al.  Metabolic syndrome and major depressive disorder: Co-occurrence and pathophysiologic overlap , 2009, Current diabetes reports.

[7]  E. Vieta,et al.  Cognitive Dysfunctions in Bipolar Disorder: Evidence of Neuropsychological Disturbances , 1999, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics.

[8]  J. Hüffmeier,et al.  Contrasting chronic with episodic depression: an analysis of distorted socio-emotional information processing in chronic depression. , 2012, Journal of affective disorders.

[9]  H. Štěpánková,et al.  Cognitive deficits in the euthymic phase of unipolar depression , 2009, Psychiatry Research.

[10]  J. Laks,et al.  Acute exercise improves cognition in the depressed elderly: the effect of dual-tasks , 2011, Clinics.

[11]  C. Kearney,et al.  Depression and Ethnicity as Intermediary Variables Among Dissociation, Trauma-Related Cognitions, and PTSD Symptomatology in Youths , 2006, The Journal of nervous and mental disease.

[12]  Harald Hampel,et al.  Cognitive and behavioural effects of physical exercise in psychiatric patients , 2012, Progress in Neurobiology.

[13]  T. Shea.  Effects of Dietary Supplementation with N-Acetyl Cysteine, Acetyl-l-Carnitine and S-Adenosyl Methionine on Cognitive Performance and Aggression in Normal Mice and Mice Expressing Human ApoE4 , 2007, NeuroMolecular Medicine.

[14]  H. Critchley,et al.  A Neural Circuitry Linking Insulin Resistance to Depressed Mood , 2012, Psychosomatic medicine.

[15]  Thomas Ruhland,et al.  Discovery of 1-[2-(2,4-dimethylphenylsulfanyl)phenyl]piperazine (Lu AA21004): a novel multimodal compound for the treatment of major depressive disorder. , 2011, Journal of medicinal chemistry.

[16]  D. Pizzagalli.  Frontocingulate Dysfunction in Depression: Toward Biomarkers of Treatment Response , 2011, Neuropsychopharmacology.

[17]  B. Winblad,et al.  Memory Complaints of Elderly People in a Population Survey: Variation According to Dementia Stage and Depression , 1993, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[18]  C. Bundgaard,et al.  Pharmacological Effects of Lu AA21004: A Novel Multimodal Compound for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder , 2012, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.

[19]  Guillén Fernández,et al.  Amygdala responsivity related to memory of emotionally neutral stimuli constitutes a trait factor for depression , 2011, NeuroImage.

[20]  M. F. Lafleur,et al.  Psychosocial and neurocognitive functioning in unipolar and bipolar depression: A 12-month prospective study , 2012, Psychiatry Research.

[21]  E. Gudayol-Ferré,et al.  Effects of selective serotonin reuptake and dual serotonergic-noradrenergic reuptake treatments on memory and mental processing speed in patients with major depressive disorder. , 2009, Journal of psychiatric research.

[22]  P. de Jonge,et al.  Presence of individual (residual) symptoms during depressive episodes and periods of remission: a 3-year prospective study , 2010, Psychological Medicine.

[23]  L. Nyberg,et al.  Brain activation patterns in major depressive disorder and work stress-related long-term sick leave among Swedish females , 2012, Stress.

[24]  I. Helmreich,et al.  A meta‐analysis of executive dysfunctions in unipolar major depressive disorder without psychotic symptoms and their changes during antidepressant treatment , 2012, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[25]  Philip D. Harvey,et al.  Cognition in schizophrenia: impairments, determinants, and functional importance. , 2005, The Psychiatric clinics of North America.

[26]  R. Stewart,et al.  Physical health, depression and cognitive function as correlates of disability in an older Korean population , 2005, International journal of geriatric psychiatry.

[27]  I. Hickie,et al.  Disability in major depression related to self-rated and objectively-measured cognitive deficits: a preliminary study , 2007, BMC psychiatry.

[28]  D. Glahn,et al.  Cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder: Neurodevelopment or neurodegeneration? An ECNP expert meeting report , 2008, European Neuropsychopharmacology.

[29]  Glenda M MacQueen,et al.  Course of illness, hippocampal function, and hippocampal volume in major depression , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[30]  Ronald C Kessler,et al.  The economic burden of depression in the United States: how did it change between 1990 and 2000? , 2003, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[31]  I. Melle,et al.  Is cognitive impairment following early life stress in severe mental disorders based on specific or general cognitive functioning? , 2012, Psychiatry Research.

[32]  E. Nestler,et al.  Linking molecules to mood: new insight into the biology of depression. , 2010, The American journal of psychiatry.

[33]  Apolipoprotein E-epsilon 4 frequency in affective disorder. , 1999, Biological psychiatry.

[34]  M. Thase,et al.  The search for determinants of chronic depression: a review of six factors. , 2002, Journal of affective disorders.

[35]  H. Kenna,et al.  Brain volume abnormalities and neurocognitive deficits in diabetes mellitus: Points of pathophysiological commonality with mood disorders? , 2010, Advances in therapy.

[36]  Peter Seres,et al.  Structural changes in the hippocampus in major depressive disorder: contributions of disease and treatment. , 2010, Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN.

[37]  G. Savage,et al.  An Investigation of Medial Temporal Lobe Changes and Cognition Following Antidepressant Response: A Prospective rTMS Study , 2013, Brain Stimulation.

[38]  S. Minoshima,et al.  Insulin resistance and Alzheimer-like reductions in regional cerebral glucose metabolism for cognitively normal adults with prediabetes or early type 2 diabetes. , 2011, Archives of neurology.

[39]  S. McLennan,et al.  The depression‐executive dysfunction (DED) syndrome and response to antidepressants: a meta‐analytic review , 2010, International journal of geriatric psychiatry.

[40]  B. Mulsant,et al.  Cognition in older adults with bipolar disorder versus major depressive disorder , 2012, Bipolar disorders.

[41]  S. Kennedy,et al.  Should Depressive Syndromes Be Reclassified as "Metabolic Syndrome Type II"? , 2007, Annals of clinical psychiatry : official journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists.

[42]  Suzanne Craft,et al.  Insulin and neurodegenerative disease: shared and specific mechanisms , 2004, The Lancet Neurology.

[43]  N. Müller,et al.  [Immunological aspects of depressive disorders]. , 2007, Der Nervenarzt.

[44]  Allan Reiss,et al.  Fasting plasma insulin and the default mode network in women at risk for Alzheimer's disease , 2013, Neurobiology of Aging.

[45]  Eduard Vieta,et al.  Cognitive function across manic or hypomanic, depressed, and euthymic states in bipolar disorder. , 2004, The American journal of psychiatry.

[46]  E. Gudayol-Ferré,et al.  Effects of selective serotonin reuptake and dual serotonergic–noradrenergic reuptake treatments on attention and executive functions in patients with major depressive disorder , 2010, Psychiatry Research.

[47]  M. Prinz,et al.  Microglia as modulators of cognition and neuropsychiatric disorders , 2013, Glia.

[48]  Philip D. Harvey,et al.  Combined cognitive remediation and functional skills training for schizophrenia: effects on cognition, functional competence, and real-world behavior. , 2012, The American journal of psychiatry.

[49]  Stephen M Stahl,et al.  Brain circuits determine destiny in depression: a novel approach to the psychopharmacology of wakefulness, fatigue, and executive dysfunction in major depressive disorder. , 2003, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[50]  K. Blennow,et al.  Lower CSF amyloid beta peptides and higher F2-isoprostanes in cognitively intact elderly individuals with major depressive disorder. , 2012, The American journal of psychiatry.

[51]  A. Young,et al.  Neurocognitive Function Following Remission in Major Depressive Disorder: Potential Objective Marker of Response? , 2007, The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry.

[52]  Klaus P. Ebmeier,et al.  White matter hyperintensities in late life depression: a systematic review , 2007, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry.

[53]  G. Alexopoulos,et al.  Executive dysfunction and disability in elderly patients with major depression. , 2001, The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry.

[54]  Judith Jaeger,et al.  Neurocognitive deficits and disability in major depressive disorder , 2006, Psychiatry Research.

[55]  Ivan Toni,et al.  On the relationship between the “default mode network” and the “social brain” , 2012, Front. Hum. Neurosci..

[56]  R. Kessler,et al.  Depression in the workplace: effects on short-term disability. , 1999, Health affairs.

[57]  Klaus P. Ebmeier,et al.  A meta-analysis of depression severity and cognitive function. , 2009, Journal of affective disorders.

[58]  R. Kessler,et al.  Prevalence and effects of mood disorders on work performance in a nationally representative sample of U.S. workers. , 2006, The American journal of psychiatry.

[59]  E. Gudayol-Ferré,et al.  Cognitive predictors of treatment response to bupropion and cognitive effects of bupropion in patients with major depressive disorder , 2008, Psychiatry Research.

[60]  R. Lee,et al.  A meta-analysis of cognitive deficits in first-episode Major Depressive Disorder. , 2012, Journal of affective disorders.

[61]  F. Holsboer,et al.  Persistent Cognitive Impairment in Depression: The Role of Psychopathology and Altered Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical (HPA) System Regulation , 2007, Biological Psychiatry.

[62]  E. Gudayol-Ferré,et al.  Major Depressive Disorder in recovery and neuropsychological functioning: effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and dual inhibitor depression treatments on residual cognitive deficits in patients with Major Depressive Disorder in recovery. , 2010, Journal of affective disorders.

[63]  Hannah R. Snyder.  Major depressive disorder is associated with broad impairments on neuropsychological measures of executive function: a meta-analysis and review. , 2013, Psychological bulletin.

[64]  Chen-huan Chiu,et al.  The effects of gender and a co-occurring depressive disorder on neurocognitive functioning in patients with alcohol dependence. , 2010, Alcohol and alcoholism.

[65]  M. Marmot,et al.  Persistent depressive symptoms and cognitive function in late midlife: the Whitehall II study. , 2010, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[66]  M. Poo,et al.  Grand challenges in global mental health , 2011, Nature.

[67]  S. Cumming,et al.  A longitudinal study of cognitive function in melancholic and non-melancholic subtypes of major depressive disorder. , 2010, Journal of affective disorders.

[68]  Mingzhou Ding,et al.  Increased Activity Imbalance in Fronto-Subcortical Circuits in Adolescents with Major Depression , 2011, PloS one.

[69]  Peter Seres,et al.  Fronto-limbic volumetric changes in major depressive disorder. , 2012, Journal of affective disorders.

[70]  R. Mohs,et al.  Efficacy of duloxetine on cognition, depression, and pain in elderly patients with major depressive disorder: an 8-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. , 2007, The American journal of psychiatry.

[71]  R. Kessler,et al.  Employer burden of mild, moderate, and severe major depressive disorder: mental health services utilization and costs, and work performance , 2010, Depression and anxiety.

[72]  G. Goodwin,et al.  Toxic effects of depression on brain function: impairment of delayed recall and the cumulative length of depressive disorder in a large sample of depressed outpatients. , 2008, The American journal of psychiatry.

[73]  M. Furey,et al.  Brain structural and functional abnormalities in mood disorders: implications for neurocircuitry models of depression , 2008, Brain Structure and Function.

[74]  M. Glymour,et al.  Conceptual and Measurement Challenges in Research on Cognitive Reserve , 2011, Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society.

[75]  Michael A Rapp,et al.  Increased hippocampal plaques and tangles in patients with Alzheimer disease with a lifetime history of major depression. , 2006, Archives of general psychiatry.

[76]  C. Bowie,et al.  Additive neurocognitive deficits in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and depressive symptoms. , 2011, Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists.

[77]  R. Kessler,et al.  Twelve‐month and lifetime prevalence and lifetime morbid risk of anxiety and mood disorders in the United States , 2012, International journal of methods in psychiatric research.

[78]  E. Rolls,et al.  Cognitive dysfunction in psychiatric disorders: characteristics, causes and the quest for improved therapy , 2012, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery.

[79]  C. Gualtieri,et al.  The frequency of cognitive impairment in patients with anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder: an unaccounted source of variance in clinical trials. , 2008, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[80]  M. Fava,et al.  A cross-sectional study of the prevalence of cognitive and physical symptoms during long-term antidepressant treatment. , 2006, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[81]  D. Hu,et al.  Identifying major depression using whole-brain functional connectivity: a multivariate pattern analysis. , 2012, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[82]  M. Larsson,et al.  Low episodic memory performance as a premorbid marker of depression: Evidence from a 3-year follow-up , 2007, European Psychiatry.

[83]  W. McCall,et al.  Cognitive deficits are associated with functional impairment in severely depressed patients , 2003, Psychiatry Research.

[84]  K. Wesnes,et al.  Reboxetine versus paroxetine versus placebo: effects on cognitive functioning in depressed patients , 2003, International clinical psychopharmacology.

[85]  E. Bora,et al.  Cognitive endophenotypes of bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis of neuropsychological deficits in euthymic patients and their first-degree relatives. , 2009, Journal of affective disorders.

[86]  S. Kennedy,et al.  Inflammatory Biomarkers in Depression: An Opportunity for Novel Therapeutic Interventions , 2011, Current psychiatry reports.

[87]  A. Young,et al.  A comparison of neurocognitive impairment in younger and older adults with major depression , 2008, Psychological Medicine.

[88]  O. Luminet,et al.  Altered executive function in obesity. Exploration of the role of affective states on cognitive abilities , 2009, Appetite.

[89]  R. de Graaf,et al.  Mediators of the association between depression and role functioning , 2008, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[90]  Cameron S. Carter,et al.  Modafinil modulation of the default mode network , 2010, Psychopharmacology.

[91]  David J Kupfer,et al.  Neuropsychologic impairments in bipolar and unipolar mood disorders on the CANTAB neurocognitive battery , 2000, Biological Psychiatry.

[92]  R. Kessler,et al.  The Prevalence and Correlates of Workplace Depression in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication , 2008, Journal of occupational and environmental medicine.

[93]  J. Jolles,et al.  Cognition as predictor of current and follow‐up depressive symptoms in the general population , 2009, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.