Reasoning with Negative Information, II: Hard Negation, Strong Negation and Logic Programs

In the framework of extended logic programming we propose a criterion by which a negation operator can be said to express explicit falsity. We show that a certain system of constructive logic with strong negation, due to Lopez-Escobar (1972) and Almukdad & Nelson (1984), fulfils this criterion, as do several recent systems of logic programming, including that of Gelfond & Lifschitz (1990). We use these facts to infer that, from a logical point of view, the programming systems in question can be viewed as subsystems of constructive logic.

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