Visual Trails: Do the Doors of Perception Open Periodically?

“Visual trailing” is a transient but dramatic disturbance of visual motion perception of unknown origin: the subject perceives a series of discrete stationary images trailing in the wake of otherwise normally moving objects. Although this phenomenon is most frequently encountered after ingestion of prescription and/or illicit drugs (most commonly with lysergic acid diethylamid, or LSD), it has also occasionally been reported following brain damage or neurological disorders. A quantitative account of visual trails is lacking; we argue that careful experimental investigation could potentially reveal how our brains update conscious visual perception in time.

[1]  M. B. Bender Polyopia and monocular diplopia of cerebral origin. , 1945, Archives of neurology and psychiatry.

[2]  Kraus Rp Visual "trails" with nefazodone treatment. , 1996 .

[3]  C. Koch,et al.  The Continuous Wagon Wheel Illusion Is Associated with Changes in Electroencephalogram Power at ∼13 Hz , 2006, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[4]  C. Koch,et al.  Is perception discrete or continuous? , 2003, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[5]  W. Hoyt,et al.  'Entomopia': a remarkable case of cerebral polyopia. , 1993, Neurology.

[6]  S. Zeki,et al.  Cerebral akinetopsia (visual motion blindness). A review. , 1991, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[7]  J W Jefferson,et al.  Mitrazapine-associated palinopsia. , 2001, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[8]  R. Evans Reversible Palinopsia and the Alice in Wonderland Syndrome Associated With Topiramate Use in Migraineurs , 2006, Headache.

[9]  R. Willanger,et al.  DISTURBANCES OF VISUAL PERCEPTION IN MIGRAINE , 1966, Acta neurologica Scandinavica.

[10]  C. Granziera,et al.  Anatomical Alterations of the Visual Motion Processing Network in Migraine with and without Aura , 2006, PLoS medicine.

[11]  C. Koch,et al.  The continuous wagon wheel illusion is associated with changes in electroencephalogram power at approximately 13 Hz. , 2006, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[12]  H. D. Abraham,et al.  Visual phenomenology of the LSD flashback. , 1983, Archives of general psychiatry.

[13]  Leonardo F Fontenelle Topiramate-induced palinopsia. , 2008, The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences.

[14]  L. Iversen,et al.  The Pharmacology of LSD: A Critical Review , 2010 .

[15]  A Kawasaki,et al.  Persistent palinopsia following ingestion of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). , 1996, Archives of ophthalmology.

[16]  R. Faber,et al.  Nafazodone-induced palinopsia. , 2000, Journal of clinical psychopharmacology.

[17]  Patrick Cavanagh,et al.  The blinking spotlight of attention , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[18]  S. Lessell,et al.  Trazodone-induced palinopsia. , 1990, Archives of ophthalmology.

[19]  C. Koch,et al.  Attention-driven discrete sampling of motion perception. , 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[20]  J. Corbett,et al.  Visual Perceptual Abnormalities: Hallucinations and Illusions , 2000, Seminars in neurology.

[21]  J Zihl,et al.  The "motion-blind" patient: low-level spatial and temporal filters , 1989, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[22]  R. Mowbray,et al.  HALLUCINOGENS , 1970, The Medical journal of Australia.

[23]  E. Lauterbach,et al.  Posthallucinogen-Like Visual Illusions (Palinopsia) with Risperidone in a Patient without Previous Hallucinogen Exposure: Possible Relation to Serotonin 5HT2a Receptor Blockade , 2000, Pharmacopsychiatry.

[24]  A. Goringe,et al.  Palinopsia , 2003, The Lancet.

[25]  N. Miller,et al.  Visual illusions associated with previous drug abuse. , 1990, Journal of clinical neuro-ophthalmology.

[26]  K. Schwartz Nefazodone and visual side effects. , 1997, The American journal of psychiatry.

[27]  R. VanRullen,et al.  Spontaneous EEG oscillations reveal periodic sampling of visual attention , 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[28]  H. Emrich,et al.  The Pharmacology of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: A Review , 2008, CNS neuroscience & therapeutics.

[29]  J. Horton,et al.  Akinetopsia from nefazodone toxicity. , 1999, American journal of ophthalmology.

[30]  S. Silberstein,et al.  Migraine , 1934, The Lancet.

[31]  Jim Kokkinakis Optometry , 2012 .

[32]  M. Mendez,et al.  AKINETOPSIA IN THE POSTERIOR CORTICAL VARIANT OF ALZHEIMER DISEASE , 2009, Neurology.

[33]  D. Burr Motion smear , 1980, Nature.

[34]  James W. Jefferson,et al.  Mirtazapine-Associated Palinopsia , 2001 .

[35]  R P Kraus Visual "trails" with nefazodone treatment. , 1996, The American journal of psychiatry.

[36]  J. Zihl,et al.  Cerebral Akinetopsia (Visual motion blindness). , 1999 .

[37]  D. Badcock,et al.  Motion Perception in Migraineurs: Abnormalities are Not Related to Attention , 2006, Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache.

[38]  M. Benedetti Enzyme induction and inhibition by new antiepileptic drugs: a review of human studies , 2000, Fundamental & clinical pharmacology.

[39]  E. Kansu,et al.  Papilledema in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. , 1984, Journal of clinical neuro-ophthalmology.

[40]  K. Perryman,et al.  Posterior Cortical Atrophy: Clinical Characteristics and Differences Compared to Alzheimer’s Disease , 2002, Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders.

[41]  N. Mai,et al.  Selective disturbance of movement vision after bilateral brain damage. , 1983, Brain : a journal of neurology.