Fluid dynamic analysis of the 50 cc Penn State artificial heart under physiological operating conditions using particle image velocimetry.

In order to bridge the gap of existing artificial heart technology to the diverse needs of the patient population, we have been investigating the viability of a scaled-down design of the current 70 cc Penn State artificial heart. The issues of clot formation and hemolysis may become magnified within a 50 cc chamber compared to the existing 70 cc one. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was employed to map the entire 50 cc Penn State artificial heart chamber. Flow fields constructed from PIV data indicate a rotational flow pattern that provides washout during diastole. In addition, shear rate maps were constructed for the inner walls of the heart chamber The lateral walls of the mitral and aortic ports experience high shear rates while the upper and bottom walls undergo low shear rates, with sufficiently long exposure times to potentially induce platelet activation or thrombus formation. In this study, we have demonstrated that PIV may adequately map the flow fields accurately in a reasonable amount of time. Therefore, the potential exists of employing PIV as a design tool.

[1]  Steven Deutsch,et al.  Wall shear-rate estimation within the 50cc Penn State artificial heart using particle image velocimetry. , 2004, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[2]  Steven Deutsch,et al.  Diaphragm motion affects flow patterns in an artificial heart. , 2003, Artificial organs.

[3]  Pramote Hochareon DEVELOPMENT OF PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY (PIV) FOR WALL SHEAR STRESS ESTIMATION WITHIN A 50CC PENN STATE ARTIFICIAL HEART VENTRICULAR CHAMBER , 2003 .

[4]  C. Zapanta,et al.  Multiscale Surface Evaluation Of Thrombosis In Left Ventricular Assist Systems , 2003 .

[5]  Markus Raffel,et al.  Particle Image Velocimetry: A Practical Guide , 2002 .

[6]  Fulvio Scarano,et al.  Advances in iterative multigrid PIV image processing , 2000 .

[7]  D. Hart,et al.  PIV error correction , 2000 .

[8]  G Rosenberg,et al.  Fluid dynamics of a pediatric ventricular assist device. , 2000, Artificial organs.

[9]  D. Hart Super-resolution PIV by recursive local-correlation , 2000 .

[10]  W. Pae,et al.  Bridge to transplantation: the Penn State experience. , 1999, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[11]  Fulvio Scarano,et al.  Iterative multigrid approach in PIV image processing with discrete window offset , 1999 .

[12]  A. Snyder,et al.  Steady state hemodynamic and energetic characterization of the Penn State/3M Health Care Total Artificial Heart. , 1999, ASAIO journal.

[13]  Douglas P. Hart,et al.  High-Speed PIV Analysis Using Compressed Image Correlation , 1998 .

[14]  K. Sakariassen,et al.  Antithrombotic efficacy of inactivated active site recombinant factor VIIa is shear dependent in human blood. , 1997, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[15]  K S Sakariassen,et al.  Shear-induced platelet activation and platelet microparticle formation at blood flow conditions as in arteries with a severe stenosis. , 1997, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[16]  D B Geselowitz,et al.  LDA measurements of mean velocity and Reynolds stress fields within an artificial heart ventricle. , 1994, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[17]  J. Westerweel,et al.  Efficient detection of spurious vectors in particle image velocimetry data , 1994 .

[18]  A. Snyder,et al.  A completely implanted left ventricular assist device. Chronic in vivo testing. , 1993, ASAIO journal.

[19]  W Jin,et al.  Experimental investigation of unsteady flow behaviour within a sac-type ventricular assist device (VAD). , 1993, Journal of biomechanics.

[20]  Richard D. Keane,et al.  Theory of cross-correlation analysis of PIV images , 1992 .

[21]  G Rosenberg,et al.  Hot-film wall shear probe measurements inside a ventricular assist device. , 1988, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[22]  G Rosenberg,et al.  Pulsed ultrasonic Doppler velocity measurements inside a left ventricular assist device. , 1986, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[23]  V. Fuster,et al.  Influence of Arterial Damage and Wall Shear Rate on Platelet Deposition: Ex Vivo Study in a Swine Model , 1986, Arteriosclerosis.

[24]  J. Magovern,et al.  Bridge to heart transplantation: the Penn State experience. , 1986, The Journal of heart transplantation.

[25]  E. Hammond,et al.  Clinical use of the total artificial heart. , 1984, The New England journal of medicine.

[26]  W. Pierce,et al.  ARTIFICIAL HEART EVALUATION USING FLOW VISUALIZATION TECHNIQUES , 1972, Transactions - American Society for Artificial Internal Organs.

[27]  Recursive Local-correlation Super-resolution PIV , 2000 .

[28]  Douglas P. Hart,et al.  The Elimination of Correlation Errors in PIV Processing , 1998 .

[29]  W Jin,et al.  Experimental investigation of the motions of the pumping diaphragm within a sac-type pneumatically driven ventricular assist device. , 1994, Journal of biomechanics.

[30]  R. Adrian Particle-Imaging Techniques for Experimental Fluid Mechanics , 1991 .

[31]  W. Pae,et al.  Toward an implantable artificial heart. Experimental and clinical experience at The Pennsylvania State University. , 1989, Investigative Radiology.

[32]  S. Furkay,et al.  Laser Doppler anemometer studies in unsteady ventricular flows. , 1979, Transactions - American Society for Artificial Internal Organs.

[33]  K. Affeld The State of the Art of the Berlin Total Artificial Heart — Technical Aspects , 1979 .

[34]  Pierce Ws,et al.  Laser Doppler anemometer studies in unsteady ventricular flows. , 1979 .