Ultracompact all-optical full-adder and half-adder based on nonlinear plasmonic nanocavities

Abstract Ultracompact chip-integrated all-optical half- and full-adders are realized based on signal-light induced plasmonic-nanocavity-modes shift in a planar plasmonic microstructure covered with a nonlinear nanocomposite layer, which can be directly integrated into plasmonic circuits. Tremendous nonlinear enhancement is obtained for the nanocomposite cover layer, attributed to resonant excitation, slow light effect, as well as field enhancement effect provided by the plasmonic nanocavity. The feature size of the device is <15 μm, which is reduced by three orders of magnitude compared with previous reports. The operating threshold power is determined to be 300 μW (corresponding to a threshold intensity of 7.8 MW/cm2), which is reduced by two orders of magnitude compared with previous reports. The intensity contrast ratio between two output logic states, “1” and “0,” is larger than 27 dB, which is among the highest values reported to date. Our work is the first to experimentally realize on-chip half- and full-adders based on nonlinear plasmonic nanocavities having an ultrasmall feature size, ultralow threshold power, and high intensity contrast ratio simultaneously. This work not only provides a platform for the study of nonlinear optics, but also paves a way to realize ultrahigh-speed signal computing chips.

[1]  Karamdeep Singh,et al.  Simultaneous all-optical half-adder, half-subtracter, comparator, and decoder based on nonlinear effects harnessing in highly nonlinear fibers , 2016 .

[2]  Xinliang Zhang,et al.  Expanded all-optical programmable logic array based on multi-input/output canonical logic units. , 2014, Optics express.

[3]  Li Li,et al.  All-optical switch and limiter based on nonlinear polarization in Mach–Zehnder interferometer coupled with a polarization-maintaining fiber-ring resonator , 2006 .

[4]  Ajoy Kumar Chakraborty,et al.  Interferometric switch based all optical scheme for conversion of binary number to its quaternary-signed digit form , 2011, IET Circuits Devices Syst..

[5]  F. Diederich,et al.  All-optical high-speed signal processing with silicon–organic hybrid slot waveguides , 2009 .

[6]  Chanchan Qin,et al.  Proposal and investigation of photonic data selector based on cross-phase modulation in a highly nonlinear fiber , 2013 .

[7]  K. Mukherjee,et al.  An all optical method of implementing a wavelength encoded simultaneous binary full adder–full subtractor unit exploiting nonlinear polarization rotation in semiconductor optical amplifier , 2011 .

[8]  Qi Li,et al.  Scaling Silicon Photonic Switch Fabrics for Data Center Interconnection Networks References and Links Programmable Wavelength Locking and Routing in a Silicon-photonic Interconnection Network , 2022 .

[9]  Sisir Kumar Garai,et al.  Method of developing an all optical wavelength encoded single bit comparator exploiting four wave mixing and wavelength filtering character of nonlinear semiconductor optical amplifiers , 2010 .

[10]  W. Cai,et al.  Phase-coupled plasmon-induced transparency. , 2010, Physical review letters.

[11]  K. Stubkjaer,et al.  Semiconductor optical amplifier-based all-optical gates for high-speed optical processing , 2000, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[12]  N. Wada,et al.  Simultaneous All-Optical Half-Adder and Half-Subtracter Based on Two Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers , 2013, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[13]  Ajay Kumar,et al.  Implementation of all-optical NAND logic gate and half-adder using the micro-ring resonator structures , 2016 .

[14]  He-Zhou Wang,et al.  The transmission characteristics of surface plasmon polaritons in ring resonator. , 2009, Optics express.

[15]  Qihuang Gong,et al.  Ultracompact Chip‐Integrated Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in a Single Plasmonic Composite Nanocavity , 2014 .

[16]  Jian Wang,et al.  Graphene-assisted multiple-input high-base optical computing , 2016, Scientific Reports.

[17]  M. Singh,et al.  A single As2Se3 chalcogenide Highly Non-Linear Fiber (HNLF) based simultaneous all-optical half-adder and half-subtracter , 2015 .

[18]  Hong Yang,et al.  Chip-integrated all-optical diode based on nonlinear plasmonic nanocavities covered with multicomponent nanocomposite , 2017 .

[19]  Eloïse Devaux,et al.  Compact gradual bends for channel plasmon polaritons. , 2006, Optics express.

[20]  G. Pandey,et al.  Design of optical switching devices using all-optical half adder based on terahertz optical asymmetric de-multiplexer , 2016 .

[21]  Sisir Kumar Garai.  A method of developing frequency encoded multi-bit optical data comparator using semiconductor optical amplifier , 2011 .

[22]  Xinliang Zhang,et al.  Ultrahigh-speed all-optical half adder based on four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifier. , 2006, Optics express.

[23]  I. Shelykh,et al.  Theory of polarization-controlled polariton logic gates , 2010 .

[24]  Hong Yang,et al.  All-optical logic gates based on nanoscale plasmonic slot waveguides. , 2012, Nano letters.

[25]  Jian Wang,et al.  Optical Hexadecimal Coding/Decoding Using 16-QAM Signal and FWM in HNLFs , 2012, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[26]  D. Lenstra,et al.  All-optical logic gates using semiconductor optical amplifier assisted by optical filter , 2005 .

[27]  Jian Wang,et al.  Silicon-organic hybrid slot waveguide based three-input multicasted optical hexadecimal addition/subtraction , 2014, Scientific reports.

[28]  David Hillerkuss,et al.  All-plasmonic Mach–Zehnder modulator enabling optical high-speed communication at the microscale , 2015, Nature Photonics.

[29]  Xueming Liu,et al.  Tunable band-pass plasmonic waveguide filters with nanodisk resonators. , 2010, Optics express.

[30]  Carsten Reinhardt,et al.  Ultrafast surface plasmon-polariton logic gates and half-adder. , 2015, Optics express.

[31]  Jian Wang,et al.  Three-input optical addition and subtraction of quaternary base numbers. , 2013, Optics express.

[32]  Jian Wang,et al.  Experimental demonstration on two-input optical high-base hybrid doubling and subtraction functions in graphene. , 2015, Optics express.

[33]  Feifan Wang,et al.  Nanoscale on-chip all-optical logic parity checker in integrated plasmonic circuits in optical communication range , 2016, Scientific Reports.

[34]  J. N. Roy,et al.  Ultrafast All-Optical Half Adder Using Quantum-Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifier-Based Mach-Zehnder Interferometer , 2012, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[35]  Xiaohua Deng,et al.  Subwavelength guiding of channel plasmon polaritons by textured metallic grooves at telecom wavelengths , 2013 .

[36]  A. Eychmüller,et al.  Absolute photoluminescence quantum yields of IR26 and IR-emissive Cd(1-x)Hg(x)Te and PbS quantum dots--method- and material-inherent challenges. , 2015, Nanoscale.

[37]  Antonella Bogoni,et al.  High-speed addition/subtraction/complement/doubling of quaternary numbers using optical nonlinearities and DQPSK signals. , 2012, Optics letters.

[38]  H. de Waardt,et al.  All-optical logic based on ultrafast gain and index dynamics in a semiconductor optical amplifier , 2004, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[39]  W. Barnes,et al.  Surface plasmon subwavelength optics , 2003, Nature.

[40]  S. Bozhevolnyi,et al.  Detuned-resonator induced transparency in dielectric-loaded plasmonic waveguides. , 2013, Optics letters.

[41]  R. W. Christy,et al.  Optical Constants of the Noble Metals , 1972 .

[42]  Alan E Willner,et al.  Simultaneous optical digital half-subtraction and -addition using SOAs and a PPLN waveguide. , 2007, Optics express.

[43]  S. Raghuwanshi,et al.  Implementation of full-adder and full-subtractor based on electro-optic effect in Mach–Zehnder interferometers , 2014 .

[44]  Alan E Willner,et al.  Simultaneous four-wave mixing and cross-gain modulation for implementing an all-optical XNOR logic gate using a single SOA. , 2006, Optics express.

[45]  B. Daino,et al.  Nonlinear optical materials and devices for applications in information technology , 1995 .

[46]  Shanhui Fan,et al.  Parity–time-symmetric whispering-gallery microcavities , 2013, Nature Physics.

[47]  Jian Wang,et al.  Simultaneous Optical Half-Adder and Half-Subtracter Using a Single-Slot Waveguide , 2013, IEEE Photonics Journal.

[48]  M. Fejer,et al.  All-optical half adder using an SOA and a PPLN waveguide for signal processing in optical networks. , 2006, Optics express.

[49]  Q. Gong,et al.  Ultrafast All‐Optical Switching , 2017 .

[50]  Tanay Chattopadhyay,et al.  All-optical half-adder/half-subtractor using terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer. , 2014, Applied optics.

[51]  Nikos Pleros,et al.  Ultrafast time-domain technology and its application in all-optical signal processing , 2003 .

[52]  Jian Wang,et al.  Single-PPLN-based simultaneous half-adder, half-subtracter, and OR logic gate: proposal and simulation. , 2007, Optics express.

[53]  Qihuang Gong,et al.  Ultracompact all-optical logic gates based on nonlinear plasmonic nanocavities , 2017 .

[54]  M. Singh,et al.  A cascadable all-optical half-subtracter based on cross-modulation effects in a single highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) , 2016 .

[55]  T. Chattopadhyay,et al.  Designing of Optimized All-Optical Half Adder Circuit Using Single Quantum-Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Assisted Mach-Zehnder Interferometer , 2013, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[56]  Xinliang Zhang,et al.  Reconfigurable photonic full-adder and full-subtractor based on three-input XOR gate and logic minterms , 2012 .