PSO Algorithm of Retrieving Surface Ducts by Doppler Weather Radar Echoes

Doppler weather radar is an effective tool for monitoring mesoscale and small scale weather systems, quantitatively estimating precipitation and guarding against severe convective weather. The quality of the data obtained by Doppler weather radar will be seriously affected by the anomalous propagation of electromagnetic wave in tropospheric ducts. A novel method is introduced in this paper to retrieve the surface ducts, and it is based on the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method for modeling M profile and Parabolic Equation (PE) propagation model which is a well-established technique for efficiently solving the equations for beam propagation in an inhomogeneous atmosphere. The inversion echo powers and equivalent reflectivity factor are in accordance with the measured data, which indicates that the surface ducts can be effectively retrieved by this method.

[1]  Witold F. Krajewski,et al.  An Efficient Methodology for Detection of Anomalous Propagation Echoes in Radar Reflectivity Data Using Neural Networks , 2000 .

[2]  David Bebbington,et al.  Modelling of weather radar echoes from anomalous propagation using a hybrid parabolic equation method and NWP model data , 2007 .

[3]  J. Lorente,et al.  Forecasting weather radar propagation conditions , 2007 .

[4]  Marc Berenguer,et al.  A Fuzzy Logic Technique for Identifying Nonprecipitating Echoes in Radar Scans , 2006 .

[5]  Ian D. Cluckie,et al.  Classification of Ground Clutter and Anomalous Propagation Using Dual-Polarization Weather Radar , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[6]  Guy Delrieu,et al.  Feasibility of Using Mountain Return for the Correction of Ground-Based X-Band Weather Radar Data , 1997 .

[7]  Feng Pan,et al.  Analysis of Standard Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Based on Markov Chain , 2013 .

[8]  S. Venkateswarlu,et al.  Processing of Indian Doppler Weather Radar data for mesoscale applications , 2011 .

[9]  Valliappa Lakshmanan,et al.  A Statistical Approach to Mitigating Persistent Clutter in Radar Reflectivity Data , 2012, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing.

[10]  B. Conway,et al.  Objective Identification of Echoes Due to Anomalous Propagation in Weather Radar Data , 1998 .

[11]  J. Krolik,et al.  Theoretical performance limits on tropospheric refractivity estimation using point-to-point microwave measurements , 1999 .

[12]  Witold F. Krajewski,et al.  Statistical Detection of Anomalous Propagation in Radar Reflectivity Patterns , 1994 .

[13]  R. Gairola,et al.  An Artificial Neural Network based approach for estimation of rain intensity from spectral moments of a Doppler Weather Radar , 2011 .

[14]  Witold F. Krajewski,et al.  Review of the Different Sources of Uncertainty in Single Polarization Radar-Based Estimates of Rainfall , 2010 .

[15]  Frédéric Mesnard,et al.  Climatology of Anomalous Propagation Radar Echoes in a Coastal Area , 2010 .

[16]  A. Sheikh,et al.  A Study of Anomalous Propagation in Persian Gulf , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[17]  A. Fornasiero,et al.  Enhanced radar precipitation estimates using a combined clutter and beam blockage correction technique , 2006 .

[18]  Amalia E. Barrios,et al.  Estimation of surface‐based duct parameters from surface clutter using a ray trace approach , 2004 .

[19]  Witold F. Krajewski,et al.  Detection of anomalous propagation echoes in weather radar data using neural networks , 1999, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[20]  M. Levy.  Parabolic Equation Methods for Electromagnetic Wave Propagation , 2000 .

[21]  Robert E. Marshall,et al.  Synthesis of mesoscale numerical weather prediction and empirical site-specific radar clutter models , 2010 .

[22]  F. Fabry,et al.  Estimation of Near-Ground Propagation Conditions Using Radar Ground Echo Coverage , 2011 .

[23]  David Bebbington,et al.  The Sensitivity of Single Polarization Weather Radar Beam Blockage Correction to Variability in the Vertical Refractivity Gradient , 2003 .

[24]  I. Glover,et al.  Refractivity and humidity profiling using wind profiler and microwave radiometer observations for the inference of ducts , 2005 .

[25]  Witold F. Krajewski,et al.  Evaluation of Anomalous Propagation Echo Detection in WSR-88D Data: A Large Sample Case Study , 2001 .

[26]  Gao Yue-lin.  The global convergence analysis of particle swarm optimization algorithm based on Markov chain , 2011 .

[27]  Zhao Rui-jin.  Comparative Analysis on the Atmospheric Duct and CINRAD/SA Super-Refraction Echoes of Two Cases in North China Plain , 2010 .

[28]  Statistical analysis and modelling of weather radar beam propagation conditions in the Po Valley (Italy) , 2006 .

[29]  Reinaldo B. da Silveira,et al.  An automatic identification of clutter and anomalous propagation in polarization-diversity weather radar data using neural networks , 2001, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[30]  Joan Bech,et al.  Modelling weather radar beam propagation and topographical blockage at northern high latitudes , 2007 .

[31]  Travis M. Smith,et al.  An Automated Technique to Quality Control Radar Reflectivity Data , 2007 .

[32]  Bong-Chul Seo,et al.  Radar-rainfall estimation algorithms of Hydro-NEXRAD , 2011 .

[33]  Dimitrios Charalampidis,et al.  Removal of nonprecipitation echoes in weather radar using multifractals and intensity , 2002, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[34]  Christopher D. Curtis,et al.  Refractivity Retrieval Using the Phased-Array Radar: First Results and Potential for Multimission Operation , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[35]  A. Karimian,et al.  Refractivity estimation from sea clutter: An invited review , 2011 .

[36]  Michael Dixon,et al.  Weather Radar Ground Clutter. Part II: Real-Time Identification and Filtering , 2009 .

[37]  Wu Zhen-sen.  Study the propagation characteristic of radio wave in atmospheric duct , 2009 .

[38]  吴振森,et al.  Study of Simulating Anomalous Ground Echoes for Doppler Weather Radar , 2013 .

[39]  Boon Leng Cheong,et al.  A Time Series Weather Radar Simulator Based on High-Resolution Atmospheric Models , 2008 .

[40]  Chi-Nan Chen.  Ray-Trace of an Abnormal Radar Echo Using Geographic Information System , 2009 .

[41]  Chen Xiao-hong.  DUAL OPTIMIZATION OF SEISMIC ATTRIBUTES BASED ON PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS AND K-L TRANSFORM , 2005 .

[42]  G. Villarini,et al.  Sensitivity Studies of the Models of Radar-Rainfall Uncertainties , 2010 .

[43]  John Y. N. Cho,et al.  Multi-PRI Signal Processing for the Terminal Doppler Weather Radar. Part I: Clutter Filtering , 2005 .

[44]  Pao-Liang Chang,et al.  Radar Anomalous Propagation Associated with Foehn Winds Induced by Typhoon Krosa (2007) , 2011 .

[45]  Wu Wenhua.  On application of particle filter combining with particle swarm optimization to refractivity estimation from radar clutter , 2013 .