Optimization of a real-time primary-backup replication service

The primary-backup replication model is one of the commonly adopted approaches to providing fault tolerant data services. Its extension to the real time environment, however, imposes the additional constraint of timing predictability, which requires a bounded overhead for managing redundancy. The paper discusses the trade-off between reducing system overhead and increasing (temporal) consistency between the primary and backup, and explores ways to optimize such a system to minimize either the inconsistency or the system overhead while maintaining the temporal consistency guarantees of the system. An implementation built on top of the existing RTPB model (H. Zou and F. Jahanian, 1998) was developed within the x-kernel architecture on the Mach OSF platform running MK 7.2. Results of an experimental evaluation of the proposed optimization techniques are discussed.

[1]  Farnam Jahanian,et al.  A Real-Time Primary-Backup Replication Service , 1999, IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst..

[2]  Tei-Wei Kuo,et al.  SSP: A semantics-based protocol for real-time data access , 1993, 1993 Proceedings Real-Time Systems Symposium.

[3]  Lui Sha,et al.  Designing for evolvability: building blocks for evolvable real-time systems , 1996, Proceedings Real-Time Technology and Applications.

[4]  K.-J. Lin,et al.  Consistency issues in real-time database systems , 1989, [1989] Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Volume II: Software Track.

[5]  Lui Sha,et al.  The real-time publisher/subscriber inter-process communication model for distributed real-time systems: design and implementation , 1995, Proceedings Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium.

[6]  Farnam Jahanian,et al.  Real-time primary-backup (RTPB) replication with temporal consistency guarantees , 1998, Proceedings. 18th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (Cat. No.98CB36183).

[7]  Chung Laung Liu,et al.  Scheduling Algorithms for Multiprogramming in a Hard-Real-Time Environment , 1989, JACM.

[8]  Riccardo Bettati,et al.  Imprecise computations , 1994, Proc. IEEE.

[9]  Larry L. Peterson,et al.  The x-Kernel: An Architecture for Implementing Network Protocols , 1991, IEEE Trans. Software Eng..

[10]  Anees Shaikh,et al.  RTCAST: lightweight multicast for real-time process groups , 1996, Proceedings Real-Time Technology and Applications.

[11]  Kwei-Jay Lin,et al.  Scheduling distance-constrained real-time tasks , 1992, [1992] Proceedings Real-Time Systems Symposium.

[12]  Rafael Alonso,et al.  Data caching issues in an information retrieval system , 1990, TODS.

[13]  Calton Pu,et al.  Replica control in distributed systems: as asynchronous approach , 1991, SIGMOD '91.

[14]  Hector Garcia-Molina,et al.  An Overview of Real-Time Database Systems , 1995, NATO ASI RTC.

[15]  Abraham Silberschatz,et al.  Triggered Real-Time Databases with Consistency Constraints , 1990, VLDB.

[16]  Tei-Wei Kuo,et al.  Error propagation analysis of real-time data-intensive applications , 1997, Proceedings Third IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium.

[17]  Susan B. Davidson,et al.  Partial Computation in Real-Time Database Systems , 1988 .

[18]  Günter Grünsteidl,et al.  TTP - A Protocol for Fault-Tolerant Real-Time Systems , 1994, Computer.