Healable, Transparent, Room-Temperature Electronic Sensors Based on Carbon Nanotube Network-Coated Polyelectrolyte Multilayers.

Transparent and conductive film based electronics have attracted substantial research interest in various wearable and integrated display devices in recent years. The breakdown of transparent electronics prompts the development of transparent electronics integrated with healability. A healable transparent chemical gas sensor device is assembled from layer-by-layer-assembled transparent healable polyelectrolyte multilayer films by developing effective methods to cast transparent carbon nanotube (CNT) networks on healable substrates. The healable CNT network-containing film with transparency and superior network structures on self-healing substrate is obtained by the lateral movement of the underlying self-healing layer to bring the separated areas of the CNT layer back into contact. The as-prepared healable transparent film is assembled into healable transparent chemical gas sensor device for flexible, healable gas sensing at room temperature, due to the 1D confined network structure, relatively high carrier mobility, and large surface-to-volume ratio. The healable transparent chemical gas sensor demonstrates excellent sensing performance, robust healability, reliable flexibility, and good transparency, providing promising opportunities for developing flexible, healable transparent optoelectronic devices with the reduced raw material consumption, decreased maintenance costs, improved lifetime, and robust functional reliability.

[1]  Kong,et al.  Nanotube molecular wires as chemical sensors , 2000, Science.

[2]  Akshay M. Phulgirkar,et al.  Flexible, all-organic chemiresistor for detecting chemically aggressive vapors. , 2012, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[3]  Benjamin C. K. Tee,et al.  An electrically and mechanically self-healing composite with pressure- and flexion-sensitive properties for electronic skin applications. , 2012, Nature nanotechnology.

[4]  P. Schaaf,et al.  On the Benefits of Rubbing Salt in the Cut: Self‐Healing of Saloplastic PAA/PAH Compact Polyelectrolyte Complexes , 2014, Advanced materials.

[5]  L. Zhi,et al.  Rod‐Coating: Towards Large‐Area Fabrication of Uniform Reduced Graphene Oxide Films for Flexible Touch Screens , 2012, Advanced materials.

[6]  Stephanie J. Benight,et al.  Stretchable and self-healing polymers and devices for electronic skin , 2013 .

[7]  D. Howard Fairbrother,et al.  Surface and structural characterization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes following different oxidative treatments , 2011 .

[8]  T. Chou,et al.  Laminated ultrathin chemical vapor deposition graphene films based stretchable and transparent high-rate supercapacitor. , 2014, ACS nano.

[9]  Justin R. Kumpfer,et al.  Optically healable supramolecular polymers , 2011, Nature.

[10]  Yan Wang,et al.  Optically Transparent Antibacterial Films Capable of Healing Multiple Scratches , 2014 .

[11]  Junqi Sun,et al.  Water-enabled self-healing of polyelectrolyte multilayer coatings. , 2011, Angewandte Chemie.

[12]  E. Skorb,et al.  Self-healing properties of layer-by-layer assembled multilayers , 2015 .

[13]  G. Guan,et al.  Self-healable electrically conducting wires for wearable microelectronics. , 2014, Angewandte Chemie.

[14]  Yang Li,et al.  Polyelectrolyte Multilayers Impart Healability to Highly Electrically Conductive Films , 2012, Advanced materials.

[15]  Makarand Paranjape,et al.  Gas sensing mechanism of carbon nanotubes: From single tubes to high-density networks , 2014 .

[16]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Transparent triboelectric nanogenerators and self-powered pressure sensors based on micropatterned plastic films. , 2012, Nano letters.

[17]  Aaron M Kushner,et al.  Multiphase design of autonomic self-healing thermoplastic elastomers. , 2012, Nature chemistry.

[18]  Qibing Pei,et al.  Healable capacitive touch screen sensors based on transparent composite electrodes comprising silver nanowires and a furan/maleimide diels-alder cycloaddition polymer. , 2014, ACS nano.

[19]  Ping Wang,et al.  Stretchable and Self-Healing Graphene Oxide–Polymer Composite Hydrogels: A Dual-Network Design , 2013 .

[20]  Nicola Marzari,et al.  Sensing mechanisms for carbon nanotube based NH3 gas detection. , 2009, Nano letters.

[21]  Gregory C. Rutledge,et al.  Spray‐Layer‐by‐Layer Carbon Nanotube/Electrospun Fiber Electrodes for Flexible Chemiresistive Sensor Applications , 2014 .

[22]  Lei Jiang,et al.  Bioinspired Layered Composites Based on Flattened Double‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes , 2012, Advanced materials.

[23]  B. Blaiszik,et al.  A Self‐healing Conductive Ink , 2012, Advanced materials.

[24]  Jill McDonnell,et al.  Ammonia sensing characteristics of carbon-nanotube yarns decorated with nanocrystalline gold , 2011 .

[25]  Z. Ren,et al.  Uniform Self‐Forming Metallic Network as a High‐Performance Transparent Conductive Electrode , 2014, Advanced materials.

[26]  Jijun Zhao,et al.  Gas molecule adsorption in carbon nanotubes and nanotube bundles , 2002 .

[27]  C. Bauschlicher,et al.  Binding of N H 3 to graphite and to a (9,0) carbon nanotube , 2004 .

[28]  C. Liu,et al.  Polythiophene-WO3 hybrid architectures for low-temperature H2S detection , 2014 .

[29]  J. Waite,et al.  Schmitt Trigger Using a Self‐Healing Ionic Liquid Gated Transistor , 2015, Advanced materials.

[30]  T. J. McCarthy,et al.  A surprise from 1954: siloxane equilibration is a simple, robust, and obvious polymer self-healing mechanism. , 2012, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[31]  Do Hwan Kim,et al.  Transparent, Low‐Power Pressure Sensor Matrix Based on Coplanar‐Gate Graphene Transistors , 2014, Advanced materials.

[32]  P. Braun,et al.  Coaxial Electrospinning of Self‐Healing Coatings , 2010, Advanced materials.

[33]  J. Mano,et al.  Molecular interactions driving the layer-by-layer assembly of multilayers. , 2014, Chemical reviews.

[34]  Shi Hu,et al.  Ultrathin nanostructures: smaller size with new phenomena. , 2013, Chemical Society reviews.

[35]  Katsuhiko Ariga,et al.  Layer-by-layer Nanoarchitectonics: Invention, Innovation, and Evolution , 2014 .

[36]  N. Zacharia,et al.  Self‐Healing Actuating Adhesive Based on Polyelectrolyte Multilayers , 2015 .

[37]  Xiaoming Sun,et al.  Transparent conducting films of hierarchically nanostructured polyaniline networks on flexible substrates for high-performance gas sensors. , 2015, Small.

[38]  Fan Zhang,et al.  A Rapid and Efficient Self‐Healing Thermo‐Reversible Elastomer Crosslinked with Graphene Oxide , 2013, Advanced materials.

[39]  Mari Zakrzewski,et al.  Printable, Transparent, and Flexible Touch Panels Working in Sunlight and Moist Environments , 2014 .

[40]  Yong Zhang,et al.  A High‐Capacitance Salt‐Free Dielectric for Self‐Healable, Printable, and Flexible Organic Field Effect Transistors and Chemical Sensor , 2015, Advanced functional materials.

[41]  H. Fuchs,et al.  Multiplexed biomimetic lipid membranes on graphene by dip-pen nanolithography , 2013, Nature Communications.

[42]  Seung Hwan Ko,et al.  Fast Plasmonic Laser Nanowelding for a Cu‐Nanowire Percolation Network for Flexible Transparent Conductors and Stretchable Electronics , 2014, Advanced materials.

[43]  Albena Lederer,et al.  Adaptable Hetero Diels–Alder Networks for Fast Self‐Healing under Mild Conditions , 2014, Advanced materials.

[44]  Huanlei Wang,et al.  Self‐Recovering Tough Gel Electrolyte with Adjustable Supercapacitor Performance , 2014, Advanced materials.

[45]  Bin Wang,et al.  Enhanced NH 3 -sensing behavior of 2,9,16,23-tetrakis(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy) metal(II) phthalocyanine/multi-walled carbon nanotube hybrids: An investigation of the effects of central metals , 2014 .

[46]  F. Meng,et al.  Sub‐Micrometer‐Thick All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitors with High Power and Energy Densities , 2011, Advanced materials.

[47]  B Kollbe Ahn,et al.  Surface-initiated self-healing of polymers in aqueous media. , 2014, Nature materials.

[48]  S. Zwaag.  Self‐Healing Materials , 2007 .

[49]  Ying Yang,et al.  Self-healing polymeric materials. , 2013, Chemical Society reviews.

[50]  Feng Yan,et al.  Streptavidin‐Functionalized Silver‐Nanoparticle‐Enriched Carbon Nanotube Tag for Ultrasensitive Multiplexed Detection of Tumor Markers , 2011 .

[51]  Douglas R. Kauffman,et al.  Carbon nanotube gas and vapor sensors. , 2008, Angewandte Chemie.

[52]  Jonathan N. Coleman,et al.  Very thin transparent, conductive carbon nanotube films on flexible substrates , 2010 .

[53]  L. Dai,et al.  Polyelectrolyte functionalized carbon nanotubes as efficient metal-free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction. , 2011, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[54]  Bowen Zhu,et al.  A Mechanically and Electrically Self‐Healing Supercapacitor , 2014, Advanced materials.

[55]  Xin-bo Zhang,et al.  In situ fabrication of porous graphene electrodes for high-performance energy storage. , 2013, ACS nano.

[56]  Michael D. Dickey,et al.  Self‐Healing Stretchable Wires for Reconfigurable Circuit Wiring and 3D Microfluidics , 2013, Advanced materials.

[57]  B. G. DeLacy,et al.  Transparent displays enabled by resonant nanoparticle scattering , 2014, Nature Communications.

[58]  Kangho Lee,et al.  Highly sensitive, transparent, and flexible gas sensors based on gold nanoparticle decorated carbon nanotubes , 2013 .

[59]  Zexiang Shen,et al.  High-performance flexible asymmetric supercapacitors based on a new graphene foam/carbon nanotube hybrid film , 2014 .

[60]  Ha Beom Lee,et al.  Room‐Temperature Nanosoldering of a Very Long Metal Nanowire Network by Conducting‐Polymer‐Assisted Joining for a Flexible Touch‐Panel Application , 2013 .

[61]  Hong‐Jie Peng,et al.  Nanoarchitectured Graphene/CNT@Porous Carbon with Extraordinary Electrical Conductivity and Interconnected Micro/Mesopores for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries , 2014 .

[62]  Scott R White,et al.  Continuous Self‐Healing Life Cycle in Vascularized Structural Composites , 2014, Advanced materials.

[63]  Xiaohong Fang,et al.  Carbon nanotubes as molecular transporters for walled plant cells. , 2009, Nano letters.