Drosophila Homeobox Genes

Publisher Summary This chapter describes what is known about the published members of the Drosophila homeobox family and the properties of some of the new family members. William Bateson originally coined the term homeosis to describe pattern defects in segmented animals in which a structure from one segment was replaced by a different structure, normally found in another. Bateson's term was later used to describe the homeotic mutations that were isolated in some of the early screens for heritable morphological defects in Drosophila . Homeobox sequences were originally recognized in three Drosophila homeotic and segmentation genes: (1) Antennapedia (Antp), ultrabithorax (Ubx), and fushi taruzu (Ftz). The highly conserved 60-amino acid regions that encode are called “homeodomains”. After the discovery of conserved motif, it quickly became apparent that many other Drosophila genes were members of the homeobox family, and a significant fraction of genes having homeobox sequences that were very similar to Antp and Ubx, also had functions in developmental patterning of embryos. The Drosophila homeobox gene family contains 55 published members, which are distributed throughout the genome, most mapping on the second and third chromosomes. Many homeobox genes map in clusters containing from two to nine members.

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