Morphometric variation of Cork fish (Channa striata Bloch, 1793) from nine populations in Sumatra Island, Indonesia

The geographic isolation and specific character of local habitat could cause variation of morphological characteristics among Cork fish population in different locations. The plasticity of cork fish to adapt to the environment factors possibly has an impact on the different of specific morphological on fish population at different habitat. This study was conducted to investigate the traditional morphometric measurement and truss network differentiation of cork fish populations in different locations at Sumatra Island. Total of 394 cork fish specimens (consisting of 198 males and 196 females) were collected from nine different areas of rivers, swamp and lakes. The samples were analysed based on 14 morphometric (M) and 21 Truss Network Measurement (TNM) characters to find out the significant correlation of the fish on each area sampling. The transformed datasets were proceeded to multivariate testing using Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) and Cluster Analysis (CA). The results showed that cork fish had 20 distinguishing predominant characters in the head and back of the body. Based on cluster analysis, those fishes were divided into 4 groups depending on geographical isolation except one floodplain population that differs from the other population groups. We revealed that phenotypic dimorphism for female cork fish had a dominant size compared to males in head region and tail fin region. Cork fish in the lake had a dominant body height size compared to rivers and flooded swamps.

[1]  S. Eagderi,et al.  Morphological diversity of Cyprinion Heckel, 1843 species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Iran , 2018 .

[2]  M. Murwantoko,et al.  Polychromatic, sexual dimorphism and redescription species of red devil Amphilophus Amarillo [Stauffer & McKaye, 2002] in Sermo Reservoir, Yogyakarta , 2018 .

[3]  E. Hallerman,et al.  Morphological but no genetic differentiation among fragmented populations of Hemiculter leucisculus (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) from a lake complex in the middle Yangtze, China , 2018, Hydrobiologia.

[4]  H. Poorbagher,et al.  Morphological development and allometric growth patterns of Acipenser persicus Borodin, 1897 (Actinopterygii, Acipenseridae) during early development , 2017 .

[5]  A. Takeda,et al.  Dispersal mode and flooding regime as drivers of benthic metacommunity structure in a Neotropical floodplain , 2017, Hydrobiologia.

[6]  B. Coad.  Contribution to the knowledge of the Snakeheads of Iran (Family Channidae) , 2016 .

[7]  M. Serajuddin,et al.  Phenotypic Variation in Freshwater Murrel, Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1793) from Northern and Eastern Regions of India Using Truss Analysis , 2016 .

[8]  D. Patel,et al.  Truss morphometry and otolith microchemistry reveal stock discrimination in Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758) inhabiting the Gangetic river system , 2016 .

[9]  Y. Keivany,et al.  Morphological diversity of Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843) populations in Iran , 2015 .

[10]  M. Serajuddin,et al.  Geographic Morphometric Variations of Freshwater Murrel, Channa punctatus from Northern and Eastern Parts of India , 2014, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences.

[11]  G. Bourne.  Physiology and Biochemistry , 2014 .

[12]  E. Jeppesen,et al.  Fish diversity in European lakes: geographical factors dominate over anthropogenic pressures , 2013 .

[13]  N. Shabanipour,et al.  Morphometric variation among four populations of Shemaya (Alburnus chalcoides) in the south of Caspian Sea using truss network , 2013 .

[14]  V. K. Dubey,et al.  RETRACTED ARTICLE: Advancements in morphometric differentiation: a review on stock identification among fish populations , 2012, Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries.

[15]  K. Winemiller,et al.  Functional diversity and trait–environment relationships of stream fish assemblages in a large tropical catchment , 2012 .

[16]  U. Schliewen,et al.  Body shape differentiation at global and local geographic scales in the invasive cichlid Oreochromis mossambicus , 2012 .

[17]  A. Mustafa,et al.  Albumin And Zinc Content Of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) Extract And Its Role In Health , 2012 .

[18]  A. Antunes,et al.  Unraveling a 146 Years Old Taxonomic Puzzle: Validation of Malabar Snakehead, Species-Status and Its Relevance for Channid Systematics and Evolution , 2011, PloS one.

[19]  Thierry Oberdorff,et al.  Partitioning global patterns of freshwater fish beta diversity reveals contrasting signatures of past climate changes. , 2011, Ecology letters.

[20]  S. Somarakis,et al.  Morphological differences between wild and farmed Mediterranean fish , 2011, Hydrobiologia.

[21]  L. Miranda.  Depth as an organizer of fish assemblages in floodplain lakes , 2011, Aquatic Sciences.

[22]  W. S. Lakra,et al.  Genetic relatedness among fish species of Genus Channa using mitochondrial DNA genes , 2010 .

[23]  David Mouillot,et al.  Contrasting changes in taxonomic vs. functional diversity of tropical fish communities after habitat degradation. , 2010, Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America.

[24]  D. Hurwood,et al.  A reappraisal of the evolution of Asian snakehead fishes (Pisces, Channidae) using molecular data from multiple genes and fossil calibration. , 2010, Molecular phylogenetics and evolution.

[25]  M. Nahiduzzaman,et al.  Landmark-based morphometric and meristic variations of the endangered carp, kalibaus Labeo calbasu, from stocks of two isolated rivers, the Jamuna and Halda, and a hatchery. , 2010 .

[26]  Topi K. Lehtonen,et al.  Local variation and parallel evolution: morphological and genetic diversity across a species complex of neotropical crater lake cichlid fishes , 2010, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.

[27]  G. Gourène,et al.  Morphometric variation among male populations of freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium vollenhovenii Herklots, 1851 from Côte d’Ivoire Rivers , 2010 .

[28]  M. Topal,et al.  Using discriminant and CHAID analysis methods to identify sex in brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) by morphometric features. , 2010 .

[29]  R. Dunham,et al.  CORRELATIONS AMONG MOFPHOMETRIC TRAITS OF FINGERLING CATFISHES AND THE RELATIONSHIP TO DRESSING PERCENTAGE AT HARVEST , 2009 .

[30]  A. Hendry,et al.  Genetic and environmental contributions to the morphology of lake and stream stickleback: implications for gene flow and reproductive isolation , 2008 .

[31]  P. Godfrey‐Smith.  Is it a revolution? , 2007 .

[32]  K. Moder,et al.  Optimal species distinction by discriminant analysis: comparing established methods of character selection with a combination procedure using ant morphometrics as a case study , 2007 .

[33]  M. Nagarajan,et al.  Genetic variability of Channa punctatus populations using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA , 2006 .

[34]  D. Penman.  Aquaculture and Fisheries Biotechnology: Genetic Approaches , 2004 .

[35]  Tzong-Der Tzeng,et al.  Morphological variation between populations of spotted mackerel (Scomber australasicus) off Taiwan , 2004 .

[36]  Masaru Nakamura,et al.  Morphology, endocrinology, and environmental modulation of gonadal sex differentiation in teleost fishes , 2004, Fish Physiology and Biochemistry.

[37]  F. Lefèvre,et al.  Dispersal and gene flow of Populus nigra (Salicaceae) along a dynamic river system , 2003 .

[38]  H. Voris.  Maps of Pleistocene sea levels in Southeast Asia: shorelines, river systems and time durations , 2000 .

[39]  Cemal Turan,et al.  A Note on The Examination of Morphometric Differentiation Among Fish Populations: The Truss System , 1999 .

[40]  M. S. Christensen.  The artisanal fishery of the Mahakam River floodplain in East Kalimantan, Indonesian. III: Actual and estimated yields, their relationship to water levels and management options , 1993 .

[41]  M. S. Christensen.  The artisanal fishery of the Mahakam River floodplain in East Kalimantan, Indonesia , 1993 .

[42]  F. Rohlf,et al.  A revolution morphometrics. , 1993, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[43]  Consejo Superior Investigaciones Cientificas,et al.  Ecology of freshwater fish , 1992 .

[44]  J. Reist,et al.  An empirical evaluation of several univariate methods that adjust for size variation in morphometric data , 1985 .

[45]  Fred L. Bookstein,et al.  The Truss: Body Form Reconstructions in Morphometrics , 1982 .