Isotopically Selective Quantification by UPLC-MS of Aqueous Ammonia at Submicromolar Concentrations Using Dansyl Chloride Derivatization

Ammonia (NH₃) is essential for food production and is commercially synthesized from nitrogen (N₂) and hydrogen (H₂) using the Haber–Bosch process. Enormous amounts of ammonia are made every year in a reaction that requires high temperatures and pressures, with the Haber–Bosch accounting for ∼1.6% of total annual global energy consumption. Electrocatalysts are also being explored to convert in an environmentally friendly manner N₂ to NH₃ at ambient temperature and pressure.

[1]  D. Macfarlane,et al.  Refining Universal Procedures for Ammonium Quantification via Rapid 1H NMR Analysis for Dinitrogen Reduction Studies , 2020 .

[2]  J. Nørskov,et al.  The Difficulty of Proving Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis , 2019 .

[3]  M. Antonietti,et al.  Boosting selective nitrogen reduction to ammonia on electron-deficient copper nanoparticles , 2019, Nature Communications.

[4]  M. Antonietti,et al.  Electrochemical Reduction of N2 into NH3 by Donor-Acceptor Couples of Ni and Au Nanoparticles with a 67.8% Faradaic Efficiency. , 2019, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[5]  C. Maclaughlin,et al.  Role for Standardization in Electrocatalytic Ammonia Synthesis: A Conversation with Leo Liu, Lauren Greenlee, and Douglas MacFarlane , 2019, ACS Energy Letters.

[6]  Adam C. Nielander,et al.  A Versatile Method for Ammonia Detection in a Range of Relevant Electrolytes via Direct Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Techniques , 2019, ACS Catalysis.

[7]  Adam C. Nielander,et al.  A rigorous electrochemical ammonia synthesis protocol with quantitative isotope measurements , 2019, Nature.

[8]  Zachary J. Schiffer,et al.  Understanding Continuous Lithium-Mediated Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction , 2019, Joule.

[9]  T. L. Liu,et al.  Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia by Mo2N: Catalysis or Decomposition? , 2019 .

[10]  Douglas R. MacFarlane,et al.  Challenges and prospects in the catalysis of electroreduction of nitrogen to ammonia , 2019, Nature Catalysis.

[11]  D. Macfarlane,et al.  MoS2 Polymorphic Engineering Enhances Selectivity in the Electrochemical Reduction of Nitrogen to Ammonia , 2019, ACS Energy Letters.

[12]  D. Macfarlane,et al.  Critical Assessment of the Electrocatalytic Activity of Vanadium and Niobium Nitrides toward Dinitrogen Reduction to Ammonia , 2019, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering.

[13]  Shengtao Lu,et al.  Modeling of Electrocatalytic Dinitrogen Reduction on Microstructured Electrodes , 2018, Small Methods.

[14]  Gengfeng Zheng,et al.  Boron-Doped Graphene for Electrocatalytic N2 Reduction , 2018, Joule.

[15]  Qiang Zhang,et al.  A Review of Electrocatalytic Reduction of Dinitrogen to Ammonia under Ambient Conditions , 2018 .

[16]  J. Renner,et al.  The Use of Controls for Consistent and Accurate Measurements of Electrocatalytic Ammonia Synthesis from Dinitrogen , 2018, ACS Catalysis.

[17]  Chong Liu,et al.  Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction at Low Temperature , 2018 .

[18]  Thomas F. Jaramillo,et al.  Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis-The Selectivity Challenge , 2017 .

[19]  J. Granger,et al.  The Contamination of Commercial 15N2 Gas Stocks with 15N–Labeled Nitrate and Ammonium and Consequences for Nitrogen Fixation Measurements , 2014, PloS one.

[20]  N. Mottier,et al.  Evaluation of two derivatization reagents for the determination by LC-MS/MS of ammonia in cigarette mainstream smoke. , 2011, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[21]  G. Ertl.  Reactions at surfaces: from atoms to complexity (Nobel Lecture). , 2008, Angewandte Chemie.

[22]  C. McKenna,et al.  A rapid, sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of ammonia and methylamine for nitrogenase assays. , 1988, Analytical biochemistry.