Colorimetric array indicator for NH3 and CO2 detection

Abstract NH 3 and CO 2 are often involved in the spoilage of foods. In this study, a colorimetric array indicator was evaluated for the detection of NH 3 and CO 2 using pH-sensitive dyes (dimethyl yellow, methyl red, chlorophenol red, methyl orange, phenol red, thymol blue, m -cresol purple) encapsulated within ethylcellulose matrices. The pH dyes were doped either with hydrochloric acid or tetrabutylammonium hydroxide to manipulate the colorimetric responses. The sensing dyes were applied onto a plastic substrate to produce array indicators consisting of 4 × 4 elements. Digital images of the indicator array, before and after the exposure to NH 3 , CO 2 or NH 3 /CO 2 mixtures, were taken to monitor the change in color for each of the array elements. Unique ΔRGB patterns for NH 3 , CO 2 , and their mixture were observed. At 4 °C, principal component analysis discriminated samples into two clusters that were higher and lower than 15 μg/mL NH 3 respectively. For CO 2 , at both 4 and 25 °C, the array indicator discriminated air samples with lower than 5% CO 2 from those higher than 20% CO 2 . For NH 3 /CO 2 mixtures, the array indicator differentiated air samples of high NH 3 /low CO 2 and low NH 3 /high CO 2 combinations. These results show that the array indicator may be useful for intelligent packaging application of food products.

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