Prevalencia, factores de riesgo y consecuencias de la referencia tardía al nefrólogo

a u B n . ckgro d Late referral of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to specialized care by the nephrologist is associated with worse patient outcomes while on dialysis. b O jectives. To determine the prevalence, risk factors, and consequences of late nephrology referral at a Mexican tertiary care hospital. t Ma erial and methods. Retrospective chart review of all adult patients who began chronic hemodialysis between 2002 and 2006 at the National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chavez” (NICICh), Mexico City. Timing of referral to Nephrology Department was classified as early, late or very late if the time elapsed between referral and initiation of dialysis was < 1 month, between 1-6 months or ≥ 6 months, respectively. Socio-demographic, clinical, laboratory and echocardiographic characteristics were compared according to timing of referral. Results. Eighty four out of 150 patients were included in the analysis. Of these, 56% were referred < 1 month, and an additional 15% between 1-6 months prior to the initiation of chronic hemodialysis. In univariate analysis, being referred by a relative or friend was associated with a higher risk (p = 0.04), and being employed with a lower risk of late referral (p = 0.05). Late referred patients were more likely to require emergency dialysis and hospitalization, and of not having a permanent vascular access for their first dialysis. They also had a higher prevalence of severe anemia (hematocrit < 28%) and of residual kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 5 mL/min/1.73 m2), as well as increased left ventricular mass. o o C nclusi ns. Late nephrology referral is highly prevalent in our population and is associated with markers of suboptimal predialysis care at the onset of chronic dialysis. d K r ey wo s. Chronic kidney disease. Nephrology referral. Prevalence. Risk factors. Prognosis. U R E S M E N A en e t ntec d es. La referencia tardía de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica al nefrólogo se ha asociado con peores resultados durante el tratamiento sustitutivo con diálisis. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia, factores de riesgo y consecuencias de la referencia tardía al nefrólogo de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) en un hospital de tercer nivel de nuestro país. er y m d s Mat ial éto o . Revisión retrospectiva de los expedientes de todos los pacientes adultos que empezaron hemodiálisis crónica entre 2002 y 2006 en el Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez (INCICh). El tiempo de referencia al Departamento de Nefrología del INCICh se clasificó en temprano, tardío o muy tardío si el tiempo entre la referencia y el inicio de la diálisis crónica fue > 6, entre 1 y 6 o < 6 meses. Variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, de laboratorio y ecocardiográficas fueron comparadas dependiendo del tiempo de referencia. d s Resulta o . De 150 pacientes elegibles, 84 fueron incluidos en el análisis. De éstos, 56% fueron referidos < un mes y 15% adicional entre uno-seis meses antes del inicio de la hemodiálisis crónica. En análisis univariado, la referencia por un familiar o un amigo se asoció con un mayor riesgo (p = 0.04) y estar empleado (p = 0.05) con un menor riesgo de referencia tardía. Los pacientes que fueron referidos tardíamente requirieron con mayor frecuencia hospitalización y diálisis de urgencia sin un acceso vascular permanente para la primera diálisis (p < 0.05). También tuvieron una mayor prevalencia de anemia severa (hematocrito < 28%), tasa de filtración glomerular estimada < 5 mL/min/1.73 m2 y masa ventricular izquierda aumentada (p < 0.05). c i n . e Con lus o s La referencia tardía al nefrólogo constituye un problema frecuente en nuestra población y se asocia con parámetros de mal pronóstico al inicio de la diálisis crónica. P a alabr s clave. Enfermedad renal crónica. Referencia al nefrólogo. Prevalencia. Factores de riesgo. Pronóstico.

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