Orofacial manifestations of adverse drug reactions: a review study

Background Adverse reaction to medication is common and may have a variety of clinical manifestations in the oral cavity. The present review paper aimed to describe adverse drug reactions (ADRs) which might be encountered by dental practitioners in every discipline. Methods In this narrative review article, the specialized databases such as PubMed, PubMed Central, MEDLINE, EBSCO, Science Direct, Scopus, and reference books from the years 2000–2016 were used to find relevant documents by using MeSH terms: Adverse Drug Reaction, Drug induced, Medication Related, Mouth, Oral Manifestation, Tooth, Hard Tissue, Soft Tissue. Results The data were categorized in 4 groups as follows: saliva and salivary glands involvement, soft tissue (mucosal) involvement, hard tissue involvement, and non specific conditions (taste disorders, halitosis, neuropathies, movement disturbances, and infection). Most articles were about the adverse effect of drugs on the function of salivary glands, which often cause a decrease in saliva secretion. Other reactions were less common; meanwhile, the side effect of bisphosphonate was increasing in the alveolar bone, because of its unlimited prescription. Conclusion Oral health care providers should be familiar with such events, as they will be confronted with them in their practice.