Time-of-flight neutron interferometry.

In the experiment described in this paper, a chopper serves as a source of neutron intensity pulses which pass through a perfect Si-crystal neutron interferometer (NI), where they are split coherently into two parts that recombine and interfere. As the occupation number of a single pulse is much smaller than unity, the results very clearly demonstrate the single-particle interference phenomena of neutron interferometry experiments. While traveling the pulses spread, with faster (slower) neutrons tending toward the leading (trailing) edge. The coherence length of the neutrons depends on the spectral width of their wavelength distribution. When a material with a neutron-nuclear optical potential is placed in one beam path in the NI, there is a loss of fringe visibility (contrast), which depends on the coherence length. By using time-of-flight techniques, we divide the pulse into time segments. Within a given time slice, the wavelength spectrum is narrower than in the pulse as a whole. As a result, contrast remains in the time slices even when it disappears in the overall pulse. We also observe an additional contrast modulation due to the overlap of neighboring pulses.