Mathematical modelling of lithium ion batteries

The demand for more efficient renewable energy resources is rapidly growing as energy and environmental based issues becomes of increa ing concern. Lithium ion batteries are currently the state of art of rechargeable electrochemical storage devices. These batteries provide high volumetric energy densities, high cyclahility and are highly flexible as regards to design, size and application. They are used in many applications in portable electronics such as mobile phones, laptops and power tools; and are being considered for use in electric vehicles. Lithium ion batteries have thus gained much attention from researchers worldwide. Moreover, the development of lithium batteries has become a key focus for researchers in automotive companies who are investigating their use in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), plugin hybrid vehicles (PHEV), and purely electric vehicles (EV); the markets for all of which arc expected to grow imbi-;tantially in the future years.