Mechanical and shape memory properties of triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) NiTi structures fabricated by selective laser melting

Additive manufacturing (AM) of NiTi parts by selective laser melting method is emerging as a widespread technique for implant and biomedical applications. With SLM, it is possible to fabricate complex porous parts with tailored shape memory and material properties (e.g elastic modulus, ductility, transformation stress, strain). In this study, NiTi samples with three distinct periodic geometrical structures (i.e., Schwartz, Diamond, and Gyroid) were fabricated by SLM and their morphological, mechanical and shape memory properties were systematically characterized. It was revealed that porous NiTi SMA can show the recoverable strain of 7% with low Young’s Modulus and their properties can be adjusted with porosity characteristics. *Correspondence to: Sayed E Saghaian, Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40506-0503, USA, E-mail: ehsan.saghaian@uky.edu

[1]  S. Shabalovskaya,et al.  Surface, corrosion and biocompatibility aspects of Nitinol as an implant material. , 2002, Bio-medical materials and engineering.

[2]  Carolin Körner,et al.  Compression-compression fatigue of selective electron beam melted cellular titanium (Ti-6Al-4V). , 2011, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials.

[3]  M. Elahinia,et al.  Manufacturing and processing of NiTi implants: A review , 2012 .

[4]  Cuie Wen,et al.  Anisotropic Ti-6Al-4V gyroid scaffolds manufactured by electron beam melting (EBM) for bone implant applications , 2018 .

[5]  H Weinans,et al.  Additively manufactured metallic porous biomaterials based on minimal surfaces: A unique combination of topological, mechanical, and mass transport properties. , 2017, Acta biomaterialia.

[6]  M. Elahinia,et al.  Independent tuning of stiffness and toughness of additively manufactured titanium-polymer composites: Simulation, fabrication, and experimental studies , 2016 .

[7]  J. Tuukkanen,et al.  Effect of porosity on the osteointegration and bone ingrowth of a weight-bearing nickel-titanium bone graft substitute. , 2003, Biomaterials.

[8]  H. Karaca,et al.  Effects of orientation on the shape memory behavior of Ni51Ti49 single crystals , 2017 .

[9]  R. B. Ashman,et al.  Young's modulus of trabecular and cortical bone material: ultrasonic and microtensile measurements. , 1993, Journal of biomechanics.

[10]  M. Elahinia,et al.  On the effects of geometry, defects, and material asymmetry on the mechanical response of shape memory alloy cellular lattice structures , 2016 .

[11]  D. Dean,et al.  Finite Element Simulation and Additive Manufacturing of Stiffness-Matched NiTi Fixation Hardware for Mandibular Reconstruction Surgery , 2016, Bioengineering.

[12]  M. Elahinia,et al.  Anisotropic tensile and actuation properties of NiTi fabricated with selective laser melting , 2018 .

[13]  Haluk E. Karaca,et al.  Effects of nanoprecipitation on the shape memory and material properties of an Ni-rich NiTiHf high temperature shape memory alloy , 2013 .

[14]  M. Elahinia,et al.  Thermomechanical characterization of Ni-rich NiTi fabricated by selective laser melting , 2016 .

[15]  S. Stupp,et al.  Porous NiTi for bone implants: a review. , 2008, Acta biomaterialia.

[16]  David Dean,et al.  Metals for bone implants: safety, design, and efficacy , 2016 .

[17]  D. Dunand,et al.  High strength, low stiffness, porous NiTi with superelastic properties. , 2005, Acta biomaterialia.

[18]  Liang Hao,et al.  Ti-6Al-4V triply periodic minimal surface structures for bone implants fabricated via selective laser melting. , 2015, Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials.

[19]  Richard A. Robb,et al.  Schwarz meets Schwann: Design and fabrication of biomorphic and durataxic tissue engineering scaffolds , 2006, Medical Image Anal..

[20]  David Dean,et al.  Achieving biocompatible stiffness in NiTi through additive manufacturing , 2016 .

[21]  J Kadkhodapour,et al.  The relationships between deformation mechanisms and mechanical properties of additively manufactured porous biomaterials. , 2017, Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials.

[22]  Mohammad Elahinia,et al.  Mechanical and shape memory properties of porous Ni50.1Ti49.9 alloys manufactured by selective laser melting. , 2017, Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials.

[23]  S. Saedi,et al.  High strength NiTiHf shape memory alloys with tailorable properties , 2017 .

[24]  Katia Bertoldi,et al.  Mathematically defined tissue engineering scaffold architectures prepared by stereolithography. , 2010, Biomaterials.

[25]  Klaus Mecke,et al.  Minimal surface scaffold designs for tissue engineering. , 2011, Biomaterials.

[26]  Michael J. Miller,et al.  Metallic Fixation of Mandibular Segmental Defects: Graft Immobilization and Orofacial Functional Maintenance , 2016, Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open.

[27]  Alexander S. Balankin,et al.  Fractal fracture mechanics—A review , 1995 .

[28]  Jean-Pierre Kruth,et al.  Influence of SLM on shape memory and compression behaviour of NiTi scaffolds , 2015 .

[29]  Reinhard Nesper,et al.  Nodal surfaces of Fourier series: Fundamental invariants of structured matter , 1991 .

[30]  Narges Shayesteh Moghaddam,et al.  Selective laser melting of Ni-rich NiTi: selection of process parameters and the superelastic response , 2018, Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.

[31]  Mohammad Elahinia,et al.  Texture, aging, and superelasticity of selective laser melting fabricated Ni-rich NiTi alloys , 2017 .

[32]  Narges Shayesteh Moghaddam,et al.  Influence of SLM on compressive response of NiTi scaffolds , 2018, Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.

[33]  M. Elahinia,et al.  The influence of heat treatment on the thermomechanical response of Ni-rich NiTi alloys manufactured by selective laser melting , 2016 .

[34]  J. Kruth,et al.  Fatigue behaviour of NiTi shape memory alloy scaffolds produced by SLM, a unit cell design comparison. , 2017, Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials.

[35]  Jean-Pierre Kruth,et al.  The effect of SLM parameters on geometrical characteristic of open porous NiTi scaffolds , 2013 .

[36]  Narges Shayesteh Moghaddam,et al.  Shape memory response of porous NiTi shape memory alloys fabricated by selective laser melting , 2018, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine.

[37]  G. Rondelli.  Corrosion resistance tests on NiTi shape memory alloy. , 1996, Biomaterials.

[38]  C. L. Chu,et al.  Fabrication of porous NiTi shape memory alloy for hard tissue implants by combustion synthesis , 2004 .