Computational thermodynamics and slag modelling applied to steel elaboration

A bibliographical review of the most recent developments in slag modelling approaches is presented. It covers the period posterior to the publication in the 2 nd edition of Slag Atlas of the comprehensive review by Kowalski, Spencer and Neuschutz of thermodynamic models and databases for calculation of phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties of slags. The trends in using this information in computational thermodynamics software/database packages are outlined. Industrial applications based on examples pertaining to various iron-and steelmaking reactors are discussed. These applications made essentially with the Irsid slag model and the CEQCSI software concern steel refining or microalloying by slag-metal reactions in the ladle, steel-refractories interactions, and inclusions control in steels.