“Oh, I’m Here!”: Social Media’s Impact on the Cross-cultural Adaptation of Students Studying Abroad

This study investigates the perceptions and interpretations of social media and online communication by students engaged in study abroad programs. In-depth interviews were conducted and analyzed with 23 American and international students who completed or were engaged in a study abroad program. Results suggest that online communication enhanced the students’ experience, providing help with sociocultural skills, informational needs, relational bonds, and psychological well-being. Different platforms were preferred when communicating with friends versus family and intimates. Online communication between co-nationals from the student’s home country buffered both the sojourning student’s acculturative stress, and the stress and concern of distant family members.

[1]  Michael V. Ellis,et al.  Crossing the Distance: Adjustment of Taiwanese Graduate Students in the United States. , 2003 .

[2]  Y. Y. Kim,et al.  COMMUNICATION PATTERNS OF FOREIGN IMMIGRANTS IN THE PROCESS OF ACCULTURATION1 , 1977 .

[3]  Nigar G. Khawaja,et al.  A review of the acculturation experiences of international students , 2011 .

[4]  Kristine L. Fitch Criteria for evidence in qualitative research , 1994 .

[5]  Canchu Lin,et al.  Culture Shock and Social Support: An Investigation of a Chinese Student Organization on a US Campus , 2006 .

[6]  Bryan S. K. Kim,et al.  Asian and European American cultural values and communication styles among Asian American and European American college students. , 2008, Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology.

[7]  Gert Jan Hofstede,et al.  Cultures and Organizations - Software of the Mind: Intercultural Cooperation and its Importance for Survival (3. ed.) , 2010 .

[8]  K. Oberg Cultural Shock: Adjustment to New Cultural Environments , 1960 .

[9]  C. Ward,et al.  Acculturation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of British Residents in Hong Kong , 1993 .

[10]  Y. Y. Kim,et al.  “I Can Walk Both Ways” Identity Integration of American Indians in Oklahoma , 1998 .

[11]  C. Ward Probing identity, integration and adaptation: Big questions, little answers ☆ ☆☆ , 2013 .

[12]  Joseph B. Walther,et al.  Is a Picture Worth a Thousand Words? , 2001, Commun. Res..

[13]  Vivian C. Sheer Teenagers' Use of MSN Features, Discussion Topics, and Online Friendship Development: The Impact of Media Richness and Communication Control , 2011 .

[14]  Jiali Ye,et al.  Traditional and Online Support Networks in the Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Chinese International Students in the United States , 2006, J. Comput. Mediat. Commun..

[15]  Y. Y. Kim Becoming Intercultural: An Integrative Theory of Communication and Cross-Cultural Adaptation , 2000 .

[16]  J. Berry A critique of critical acculturation , 2009 .

[17]  Dan Landis,et al.  Handbook of Intercultural Training , 2003 .

[18]  Colleen Ward,et al.  Acculturation and Adaptation Revisited , 1999 .

[19]  Flora Keshishian Acculturation, Communication, and the U.S. Mass Media: The Experience of an Iranian Immigrant , 2000 .

[20]  Richard L. Daft,et al.  Organizational information requirements, media richness and structural design , 1986 .

[21]  J. Walther Interaction Through Technological Lenses , 2012 .

[22]  Y. Y. Kim From Ethnic to Interethnic , 2006 .

[23]  T. Sandel,et al.  Taiwan's Fifth Ethnic Group: A Study of the Acculturation and Cultural Fusion of Women who have Married into Families in Taiwan , 2010 .

[24]  J. Walther Interpersonal Effects in Computer-Mediated Interaction , 1992 .

[25]  C. Ward,et al.  Back to and beyond Berry's basics: The conceptualization, operationalization and classification of acculturation , 2012 .

[26]  Marek Fritzhand,et al.  Individualism or Collectivism , 1980 .

[27]  Tahira Jibeen,et al.  Development and Preliminary Validation of Multidimensional Acculturative Stress Scale for Pakistani Immigrants in Toronto, Canada , 2010 .

[28]  J. Berry Psychological Aspects of Cultural Pluralism: Unity and Identity Reconsidered. , 1974 .

[29]  E. Chaney The Evolution of the Grand Tour: Anglo-Italian Cultural Relations since the Renaissance , 1998 .

[30]  B. Sundkler Bantu Messiah and White Christ , 1960 .

[31]  C. Ward Thinking outside the Berry boxes: New perspectives on identity, acculturation and intercultural relations ☆ , 2008 .

[32]  E. Kramer Chapter 11 Cultural Fusion and the Defense of Difference , 2009 .

[33]  Tsukasa Nishida,et al.  Attributional confidence in low- and high-context cultures , 1986 .

[34]  J. Berry,et al.  Acculturation , 2010, Hinduism and Tribal Religions.

[35]  Haejin Yun,et al.  The Internet as a facilitator of cultural hybridization and interpersonal relationship management for Asian international students in South Korea , 2009 .

[36]  P. Miller,et al.  Self-Esteem as Folk Theory: A Comparison of European American and Taiwanese Mothers' Beliefs , 2002 .

[37]  Y. Y. Kim,et al.  A Causal Model of Communication Patterns of Foreign Immigrants in the Process of Acculturation. , 1976 .

[38]  C. Warren,et al.  Discovering Qualitative Methods: Field Research, Interviews, and Analysis , 2004 .

[39]  E. Scully Seeking Modernity in China’s Name: Chinese Students in the United States, 1900-1927 , 2001 .

[40]  A. Yehl Comprehensive yet "Passionate"— Discovering Qualitative Methods: Field Research, Interviews, and Analysis (2nd ed.) by Carol A. B. Warren and Tracy Xavia Karner , 2009 .

[41]  John W. Berry,et al.  Acculturation , 2005 .