Resource redistribution in polydomous ant nest networks: local or global?

Lay Summary Wood ants nests share resources with neighboring nests, not the whole colony. A single ant colony can either live all in one nest, or split into several separate, but communicating, nests. How and why ant colonies do this is unknown. By treating these separated colonies as networks we show that wood ants exchange food locally, with neighboring nests, without a colony-level plan.

[1]  J. Mciver,et al.  Use of a secondary nest in Great Basin Desert thatch ants ( Formica obscuripes Forel) , 1994 .

[2]  R Core Team,et al.  R: A language and environment for statistical computing. , 2014 .

[3]  Daniel W. Franks,et al.  Efficiency and robustness of ant colony transportation networks , 2013, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology.

[4]  R. Rosengren The interaction between red wood ants, Cinara aphids, and pines. A ghost of mutualism past? , 1991 .

[5]  D. Cherix,et al.  Note preliminaire sur la structure, la phenologie et le regime alimentaire d'une super-colonie de formica lugubris zett , 1980, Insectes Sociaux.

[6]  P. Punttila Succession, Forest Fragmentation, and the Distribution of Wood Ants , 1996 .

[7]  K. Linsenmair,et al.  Polydomy and the organization of foraging in a colony of the Malaysian giant ant Camponotus gigas (Hym. / Form.) , 1998, Oecologia.

[8]  J. Deneubourg,et al.  Functional Self-Organisation Illustrated by Inter-Nest Traffic in Ants: The Case of the Argentine Ant , 1990 .

[9]  L. Keller Social evolution in ants , 1996 .

[10]  P. Punttila,et al.  Distribution of Mound-Building Ant Species (Formica spp., Hymenoptera) in Finland: Preliminary Results of a National Survey , 2009 .

[11]  J. Deneubourg,et al.  The blind leading the blind in army ant raid patterns: Testing a model of self-organization (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) , 1991, Journal of Insect Behavior.

[12]  Samuel Ellis,et al.  A Simple Threshold Rule Is Sufficient to Explain Sophisticated Collective Decision-Making , 2011, PloS one.

[13]  김제중 Biological Motion , 2012, Lecture Notes in Biomathematics.

[14]  Anna Dornhaus,et al.  The function of polydomy: the ant Crematogaster torosa preferentially forms new nests near food sources and fortifies outstations , 2011, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology.

[15]  Abraham Hefetz,et al.  Adult transport in the ant Cataglyphis iberica: a means to maintain a uniform colonial odour in a species with multiple nests , 1997 .

[16]  J. T. Erichsen,et al.  Optimal prey selection in the great tit (Parus major) , 1977, Animal Behaviour.

[17]  N. Franks,et al.  Social Evolution in Ants , 2019 .

[18]  J. Pasteels,et al.  Spatial specialization of the foragers and foraging strategy inLasius fuliginosus (Latreille) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) , 1996, Insectes Sociaux.

[19]  Amelie Schmolke,et al.  Benefits of Dispersed Central‐Place Foraging: An Individual‐Based Model of a Polydomous Ant Colony , 2009, The American Naturalist.

[20]  E. Robinson,et al.  Polydomy in red wood ants , 2014, Insectes Sociaux.

[21]  M. Newman,et al.  Mixing patterns in networks. , 2002, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[22]  Duncan J. Watts,et al.  Collective dynamics of ‘small-world’ networks , 1998, Nature.

[23]  A. Mabelis Distribution of Red Wood Ants (Formica Polyctena FÖRst.) Over the Foraging Area of Their Nest, and the Influence of a Conspecific Neighbouring Population , 1978 .

[24]  D. Wood,et al.  FORAGING BEHAVIOR OF THE CARPENTER ANT, CAMPONOTUS MODOC (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE), IN A GIANT SEQUOIA FOREST, , 1986, The Canadian Entomologist.

[25]  P. Nelson,et al.  Theory of high-force DNA stretching and overstretching. , 2002, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[26]  Deborah M. Gordon,et al.  The Dynamics of Foraging Trails in the Tropical Arboreal Ant Cephalotes goniodontus , 2012, PloS one.

[27]  H. Hakkarainen,et al.  Forest Clear-Cutting Causes Small Workers in the Polydomous Wood Ant Formica aquilonia , 2009 .

[28]  David Lusseau,et al.  The emergent properties of a dolphin social network , 2003, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

[29]  Martin Suter,et al.  Small World , 2002 .

[30]  J. Herbers,et al.  COMPLEX COLONY STRUCTURE IN SOCIAL INSECTS: II. REPRODUCTION, QUEEN‐WORKER CONFLICT, AND LEVELS OF SELECTION , 1996, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[31]  R. Guimerà,et al.  The worldwide air transportation network: Anomalous centrality, community structure, and cities' global roles , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[32]  E. Csata,et al.  Outstations as stable meeting points for workers from different nests in a polydomous nest system of Formica exsecta Nyl. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) , 2012 .

[33]  Gábor Csárdi,et al.  The igraph software package for complex network research , 2006 .

[34]  I. Couzin,et al.  Self-Organization and Collective Behavior in Vertebrates , 2003 .

[35]  K. Lindström,et al.  Phenology and causation of nest heating and thermoregulation in red wood ants of the Formica rufa group studied in cariferous forest habitats in southern Finland , 1987 .

[36]  Ottoline Leyser,et al.  Auxin, Self-Organisation, and the Colonial Nature of Plants , 2011, Current Biology.

[37]  N. Gyllenstrand,et al.  Conservation genetics of the wood ant, Formica lugubris, in a fragmented landscape , 2003, Molecular ecology.

[38]  Richard James,et al.  Social networks in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) , 2004, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

[39]  D. Gordon,et al.  The allocation of foragers in red wood ants , 1992 .

[40]  An ant’s-eye view of an ant-plant protection mutualism , 2013, Oecologia.

[41]  Zoë Cook,et al.  Exploration versus exploitation in polydomous ant colonies. , 2013, Journal of theoretical biology.

[42]  D. Raworth AN ECONOMIC THRESHOLD FUNCTION FOR THE TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE, TETRANYCHUS URTICAE (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE), ON STRAWBERRIES , 1986, The Canadian Entomologist.

[43]  S. Mori,et al.  Ant-plant interactions. , 1991 .

[44]  P. Pamilo,et al.  Diversity and genetic structure of the wood ant Formica lugubris in unmanaged forests , 2005 .

[45]  Bertrand Schatz,et al.  Polydomy in ants: what we know, what we think we know, and what remains to be done , 2007 .

[46]  M. Elgar,et al.  Colony structure and spatial distribution of food resources in the polydomous meat ant Iridomyrmex purpureus , 2007, Insectes Sociaux.

[47]  Richard James,et al.  Hypothesis testing in animal social networks. , 2011, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[48]  H. Hakkarainen,et al.  Habitat-related aggressive behaviour between neighbouring colonies of the polydomous wood ant Formica aquilonia , 2004, Animal Behaviour.

[49]  E. Robinson,et al.  A comparison of mark–release–recapture methods for estimating colony size in the wood ant Formica lugubris , 2013, Insectes Sociaux.

[50]  R. Rosengren,et al.  Ortstreue in foraging ants of theFormica rufa group — Hierarchy of orienting cues and long-term memory , 1986, Insectes Sociaux.

[51]  Mark E. J. Newman,et al.  The Structure and Function of Complex Networks , 2003, SIAM Rev..

[52]  H. Hakkarainen,et al.  Deforestation reduces nest mound size and decreases the production of sexual offspring in the wood ant Formica aquilonia , 2005 .

[53]  J. Mciver,et al.  Dispersed central place foraging in Australian meat ants , 1991, Insectes Sociaux.

[54]  R. Connor,et al.  Exploring Animal Social Networks, D.P. Croft, R. James, J. Krause. Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University Press (2008), Pp. viii+192. Price $35.00 paperback , 2009 .

[55]  Scott Camazine,et al.  Self-organizing pattern formation on the combs of honey bee colonies , 2004, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology.

[56]  Relation between diet and polyethism in Formica colonies , 1987 .

[57]  Toshiyuki Nakagaki,et al.  Structure and formation of ant transportation networks , 2011, Journal of The Royal Society Interface.

[58]  Guy Theraulaz,et al.  Topological efficiency in three-dimensional gallery networks of termite nests , 2008 .

[59]  Stefan Krause,et al.  Swarm intelligence in animals and humans. , 2010, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[60]  J. H. Sudd,et al.  The distribution of wood‐ants (Formica lugubris Zetterstedt) in a northern English forest , 1977 .

[61]  Obinson,et al.  The use of native and non-native tree species for foraging and nesting habitat by the wood-ant Formica lugubris ( Hymenoptera : Formicidae ) , 2008 .

[62]  R. Matthews,et al.  Ants. , 1898, Science.