The interaction of rising CO2 and temperatures with water use efficiency

Abstract. Recent data concerning the impact of elevated atmospheric CO2 upon water use efficiency (WUE) and the related measure, instantaneous transpiration efficiency (ITE), are reviewed. It is concluded from both short and long-term studies that, at the scale of the individual leaf or plant, an increase in WUE or ITE is generally observed in response to increased atmospheric CO2 levels. However, the magnitude of this increase may decline with time. The opinion that elevated CO2 may substantially decrease transpiration at the regional scale is discussed. The mechanisms by which elevated CO2 may cause a change in these measures are discussed in terms of stomatal conductance, assimilation and respiration responses to elevated CO2. Finally, recent experimental data and model outputs concerning the impact of the interaction of increased temperature with elevated CO2 on WUE, ITE and yield are reviewed. It is concluded that substantially more data is required before reliable predictions about the regional scale response of WUE and catchment hydrology can be made.

[1]  D. Overdieck.  The Effects of Preindustrial and Predicted Future Atmospheric CO 2 Concentration on Lyonia mariana L.D. Don , 1989 .

[2]  R. Thaine,et al.  Evidence of Transcellular Strands in Transverse Cryostat Sections of Cucurbita pepo Sieve Tubes , 1975 .

[3]  William J. Campbell,et al.  Response of Soybean Canopy Photosynthesis to CO2 Concentration, Light, and Temperature , 1990 .

[4]  J. Morison,et al.  Sensitivity of stomata and water use efficiency to high CO2 , 1985 .

[5]  A. Hetherington,et al.  Some current aspects of stomatal physiology. , 1990 .

[6]  S. Oberbauer,et al.  Effect of CO2‐enrichnient on seedling physiology and growth of two tropical tree species , 1985 .

[7]  B. Loveys,et al.  Carbon dioxide enrichment increases yield of Valencia orange , 1987 .

[8]  J. M. Wilson,et al.  A Model for the Interaction of Low Temperature, ABA, IAA, and CO2 in the Control of Stomatal Behaviour , 1984 .

[9]  E. Zeiger,et al.  The biology of stomatal guard cells , 1983 .

[10]  A. Shaish,et al.  The response of stomata to CO2 relates to its effect on respiration and ATP level , 1989 .

[11]  K. G. McNaughton,et al.  Stomatal Control of Transpiration: Scaling Up from Leaf to Region , 1986 .

[12]  T. Mansfield,et al.  Control of the Co2 Responses of Stomata by Indol-3ylacetic Acid and Abscisic Acid , 1982 .

[13]  P. Jarvis.  Coupling of carbon and water interactions in forest stands. , 1986, Tree physiology.

[14]  M. P. Costella,et al.  Growth and physiological responses of Pinus ponderosa Dougl ex P. Laws. to long-term elevated CO2 concentrations , 1986 .

[15]  Jon D. Johnson,et al.  Stomatal response to vapour pressure deficit and the effect of plant water stress , 1983 .

[16]  K. Mott.  Sensing of atmospheric CO2 by plants , 1990 .

[17]  R. Norby,et al.  Carbon allocation, root exudation and mycorrhizal colonization of Pinus echinata seedlings grown under CO(2) enrichment. , 1987, Tree physiology.

[18]  P. Jarvis.  Atmospheric carbon dioxide and forests , 1989 .

[19]  J. Morison,et al.  Plant Growth and Water Use With Limited Water Supply in High CO2 Concentrations. I. Leaf Area, Water Use and Transpiration , 1984 .

[20]  P. Jarvis,et al.  Photosynthesis as related to xylem water potential and carbon dioxide concentration in Sitka spruce , 1981 .

[21]  R M Gifford,et al.  Stomatal sensitivity to carbon dioxide and humidity: a comparison of two c(3) and two c(4) grass species. , 1983, Plant physiology.

[22]  P. Jarvis,et al.  Direct and indirect effects of light on stomata II. In Commelina communis L. , 1983 .

[23]  F. I. Woodward,et al.  Stomatal numbers are sensitive to increases in CO2 from pre-industrial levels , 1987, Nature.

[24]  S. Wong,et al.  Photosynthesis and transpiration of trees in a eucalypt forest stand: CO2, light and humidity responses , 1987 .

[25]  T. Wigley,et al.  Global temperature variations between 1861 and 1984 , 1986, Nature.

[26]  P. Jarvis,et al.  The Direct Effects of Increase in the Global Atmospheric CO2 Concentration on Natural and Commercial Temperate Trees and Forests , 1989 .

[27]  S. Idso,et al.  Effects of atmospheric CO2 enrichment on plant growth: the interactive role of air temperature , 1987 .

[28]  Graham D. Farquhar,et al.  Responses to Humidity by Stomata of Nicotiana glauca L. And Corylus avellana L. Are Consistent With the Optimization of Carbon Dioxide Uptake With Respect to Water Loss , 1980 .

[29]  B. Strain,et al.  Effects of drought and CO2 enrichment on competition between two old-field perennials. , 1989, The New phytologist.

[30]  S. Idso,et al.  Growth response of carrot and radish to atmospheric CO2 enrichment , 1989 .

[31]  D. Bowling,et al.  Evidence for a CO2 Inhibited Proton Extrusion Pump in the Stomatal Cells of Tradescantia virginiana , 1985 .

[32]  P. Jolliffe,et al.  Leaf injury to bean plants grown in carbon dioxide enriched atmospheres , 1985 .

[33]  K. Raschke,et al.  Abscisic Acid Content and Stomatal Sensitivity to CO(2) in Leaves of Xanthium strumarium L. after Pretreatments in Warm and Cold Growth Chambers. , 1976, Plant physiology.

[34]  D. Hollinger.  Gas exchange and dry matter allocation responses to elevation of atmospheric CO(2) concentration in seedlings of three tree species. , 1987, Tree physiology.