Bifurcation diagram of an external-cavity semiconductor laser: experiment and theory

We report experimental bifurcation diagrams (BDs) of an external-cavity semiconductor laser (ECSL). We have focused on the case of the ECSL biased just above threshold to moderate and subjected to feedback from a distant reflector and observed a sequence of bifurcations involving bifurcation cascade as well as intermittency between multiple coexisting attractors. More importantly, we reiterate: the results map out, for the first time to our knowledge, detailed BDs of the ECSL as a function of feedback strength for various external cavity lengths and currents, thus covering a significant portion of parameter space. We have grounded our discussion in extensive theoretical studies based on the Lang-Kobayashi equations and simulated BDs in accordance with our experimental results.

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