Schedulers as enforces in synchronization

A formal model of the process concept is presented. This model can represent many sets of processes such as PV and its many generalizations. In this model the concepts of process and scheduler are separated. This separation allows one to make explicit many statements that otherwise would be implicit. In particular, this separation is used to study how schedulers enforce “fairness”, i.e., how schedulers can force certain actions to execute infinitely often.