Analysis of Canadian and imported beers for Fusarium mycotoxins by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

A sensitive method was developed for the determination of deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), alpha-zearalenol (alpha-ZEL), beta-zearalenol (beta-ZEL) and zearalenone (ZEN) in beer by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of their heptafluorobutyrate (HFB) derivatives. Recoveries averaging 90-103% were obtained from beers spiked with each mycotoxin in the 5-20 ng/ml concentration range. Limits of detection were 0.1-1.5 ng DON/ml, 0.01-0.3 ng NIV/ml, 2.5-3 ng alpha- and beta-ZEL/ml, and 1.5-2 ng ZEN/ml. Twenty-nine of 50 samples of Canadian and imported beer surveyed were found to contain DON; of these nine contained greater than 5 ng/ml (up to 50 ng/ml). The identity of DON was confirmed by response ratios at m/z 670 and m/z 884 for the HFB derivative and m/z 497 and m/z 512 for the trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivative. NIV was also detected in three beer samples (0.1-0.84 ng/ml) but no alpha-ZEL, beta-ZEL or ZEN was found.

[1]  P. Scott.  Trichothecenes in grains. , 1990 .

[2]  M. Gareis,et al.  CONTAMINATION OF CEREALS AND FEED WITH FUSARIUM MYCOTOXINS IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES , 1989 .

[3]  Toshitsugu Tanaka,et al.  Worldwide contamination of cereals by the Fusarium mycotoxins nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, and zearalenone. 1. Survey of 19 countries , 1988 .

[4]  P. Scott,et al.  Risk assessment of the mycotoxin zearalenone. , 1987, Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP.

[5]  Z. Okoye,et al.  Stability of zearalenone in naturally contaminated corn during Nigerian traditional brewing. , 1987, Food additives and contaminants.

[6]  P. Scott,et al.  Determination of nivalenol and deoxynivalenol in cereals by electron-capture gas chromatography. , 1986, Journal - Association of Official Analytical Chemists.

[7]  T. Tanaka,et al.  Further survey on the Fusarium mycotoxins in Korean cereals. , 1986, Food additives and contaminants.

[8]  Z. Okoye.  ZEARALENONE IN NATIVE CEREAL BEER BREWED IN JOS METROPOLIS OF NIGERIA , 1986 .

[9]  R. Read,et al.  Detection of trace levels of trichothecene mycotoxins in human urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. , 1986, Journal of chromatography.

[10]  M. Trucksess,et al.  Thin layer chromatographic determination of deoxynivalenol in processed grain products. , 1986, Journal - Association of Official Analytical Chemists.

[11]  C. J. Mirocha,et al.  Production of zearalenone, .alpha.- and .beta.-zearalenol, and .alpha.- and .beta.-zearalanol by Fusarium spp. in rice culture , 1985 .

[12]  T. Tanaka,et al.  The coexistence of the Fusarium mycotoxins nivalenol, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in Korean cereals harvested in 1983. , 1985, Food additives and contaminants.

[13]  G. Ware,et al.  Gas chromatographic determination of deoxynivalenol in wheat with electron capture detection. , 1984, Journal - Association of Official Analytical Chemists.

[14]  A. Haikara.  Malt and beer from barley artificially contaminated with Fusarium in the field , 1983 .

[15]  P. Keen,et al.  The occurrence of zearalanone in raw and fermented products from Swaziland and Lesotho. , 1978, Sabouraudia.

[16]  C. Nyathi,et al.  Estimation of the fungal toxins, zearalenone and aflatoxin, contaminating opaque maize beer in Zambia. , 1977, Journal of the science of food and agriculture.