Renal, endocrine and hemodynamic effects of water immersion in man.

The sections in this article are: 1 Characterization of the “Afferent” Limb of the Immersion Model 2 Characterization of the “Efferent” Limb of the Immersion Model 2.1 Renal Water Handling 2.2 Mechanisms of the Diuresis 2.3 Renal Sodium Handling 2.4 Dissociation of Natriuresis from Diuresis 2.5 Mechanisms of the Natriuresis 2.6 Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 2.7 Arginine Vasopressin (AVP) or Antidiuretic Hormone 2.8 Renal Prostaglandins 2.9 Atrial Natriuretic Peptides (ANF) 2.10 Humoral Natriuretic Factor 2.11 Catecholamines and Dopa-Dopamine Systems 3 Considerations for Selecting Water Immersion for Studies of Volume Homeostasis 4 Studies of Disorders Characterized by Deranged Volume Homeostasis 5 Conclusions

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