Optimal reference sensor positions using output-only vibration test data

Abstract In the context of finite element model updating, experimentally obtained features are used to improve the quality of an initial finite element model. Using vibration tests, features like natural frequency, mode shapes, and modal damping ratios can be extracted from measured data. One possibility to perform such tests is a roving setup configuration that requires defining the positions of reference sensors to merge the information of all setups. Therefore, the determination of reference sensor positions is very important for reliable results. The presented research is concentrated on the determination of optimal reference sensor positions assuming random excitations within a weakly stationary process. Predicted power spectral amplitudes and an initial finite element model are the basis to define the validation criterion of possible sensor positions. In combination with geometrically based design variables, which define the sensor positions, a genetic algorithm is applied to avoid the assessment of all possible combinations of reference sensor positions. The applicability of the proposed approach is demonstrated on a numerical benchmark study of a simply supported beam and a case study of a real test specimen. Furthermore, the theory of determining the expected power spectral amplitudes is compared with results of vibration tests. It can be concluded that the proposed approach is suitable to determine optimal reference sensor positions as long as the initial finite element model has a sufficient accuracy.

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