ISO land administration domain model and LandXML, in the development of digital survey plan lodgement for 3D cadastre in Australia
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The aim of this paper is to explore the implementation issues of 3D Cadastre in Queensland, Australia, which is presently moving towards a full digital lodgement of surveying information, with a focus on validation rules. In Queensland the Electronic Access for Registry Lodgement (EARL) project has already successfully implemented EARL-I, the first of the three phases of the project where surveying information is captured digitally using tools built in-house, called Surveying Information Processing (SIP) tool which is based on LandXML. EARL-II will establish an electronic service delivery framework, where external surveyors create and lodge digital files, but paper plan still remains the legal document at this stage. EARL-III will be full digital lodgement where the digital files become the legal document. The ePlan is developed using UML class diagram and implemented using LandXML and its various schemas and protocols. LADM is a standard model from which the ePlan model can be considered a subset. This paper studies the existing methodology and proposed structure of digital lodgement based on LandXML and draws from the questionnaire survey as well as the ISO/TC211 LADM 19152 for identifying and expanding validation rules relevant to the EARL project towards implementation of a 3D cadastre in Queensland. LandXML will continue to support the development of EARL-III but will need to rely on ISO/TC211 LADM 19152 to provide guidelines and requirements for the implementation of a homogenous and comprehensive land administration model in Queensland. Digital lodgement is a joint effort by all jurisdictions of Australia and New Zealand and is coordinated by the Intergovernmental Committee on Survey and Mapping (ICSM). The third phase (EARL-III) is planned to include, among others, the implementation of electronic capture and visualisation of 3D Cadastre data. Mechanisms for digital capture, validation, storage and visualisation of 2D and some 3D data are already in place in EARL-I. An outline of the validation rules governing these capture and/or visualisation is already proposed in the department proposal papers. The survey of Australian jurisdictions has assisted in identifying common issues and workarounds independent of the project. This paper explains in detail how the ePlan model is implemented and the 3D validation rules that are proposed; illustrates the support of 3D in LADM and ends with a discussion on the need for the ePlan model to adopt further measures to implement the LADM.