Specificity of a Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron Marker for Human Feces

ABSTRACT A bacterial primer set, known to produce a 542-bp amplicon specific for Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, generated this product in PCR with 1 ng of extracted DNA from 92% of 25 human fecal samples, 100% of 20 sewage samples, and 16% of 31 dog fecal samples. The marker was not detected in 1 ng of fecal DNA from 61 cows, 35 horses, 44 pigs, 24 chickens, 29 turkeys, and 17 geese.

[1]  C. A. Lopes,et al.  Concurrent Infection in a Dog and Colonization in a Child with a Human Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Clone , 2004, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[2]  S. McLellan,et al.  Genetic Characterization of Escherichia coli Populations from Host Sources of Fecal Pollution by Using DNA Fingerprinting , 2003, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[3]  M. Ellersieck,et al.  Identification of Fecal Escherichia colifrom Humans and Animals by Ribotyping , 2001, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[4]  Linda K. Dick,et al.  A comparative study of culture-independent, library-independent genotypic methods of fecal source tracking. , 2003, Journal of water and health.

[5]  E. E. Geldreich,et al.  Bacterial populations and indicator concepts in feces, sewage, stormwater and solid wastes , 1978 .

[6]  J. T. Staley,et al.  Survival and detection of Bacteroides spp., prospective indicator bacteria , 1985, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[7]  C. Kreader,et al.  Design and evaluation of Bacteroides DNA probes for the specific detection of human fecal pollution , 1995, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[8]  Kenneth M. Portier,et al.  Discriminant Analysis of Ribotype Profiles of Escherichia coli for Differentiating Human and Nonhuman Sources of Fecal Pollution , 1999, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[9]  S. McLellan.  Genetic Diversity of Escherichia coli Isolated from Urban Rivers and Beach Water , 2004, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[10]  Katharine G. Field,et al.  A PCR Assay To Discriminate Human and Ruminant Feces on the Basis of Host Differences in Bacteroides-Prevotella Genes Encoding 16S rRNA , 2000, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[11]  A. Mills,et al.  Waterborne Transmission of Infectious Agents , 2007 .

[12]  F Jones,et al.  Marine waters contaminated with domestic sewage: nonenteric illnesses associated with bather exposure in the United Kingdom. , 1996, American journal of public health.

[13]  S. Grant,et al.  Tiered approach for identification of a human fecal pollution source at a recreational beach: case study at Avalon Bay, Catalina Island, California. , 2003, Environmental science & technology.

[14]  Michael J. Noto,et al.  Use of Antibiotic Resistance Analysis for Representativeness Testing of Multiwatershed Libraries , 2003, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[15]  C. Nakatsu,et al.  Comparison of genotypic-based microbial source tracking methods requiring a host origin database. , 2003, Journal of water and health.

[16]  Katharine G. Field,et al.  Identification of Nonpoint Sources of Fecal Pollution in Coastal Waters by Using Host-Specific 16S Ribosomal DNA Genetic Markers from Fecal Anaerobes , 2000, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[17]  E. Berg.  Indicators of viruses in water and food , 1978 .

[18]  P. Hartel,et al.  Geographic variability of Escherichia coli ribotypes from animals in Idaho and Georgia. , 2002, Journal of environmental quality.

[19]  W. Moore,et al.  Human fecal flora: variation in bacterial composition within individuals and a possible effect of emotional stress , 1976, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[20]  J. Rose,et al.  Pathogenic Human Viruses in Coastal Waters , 2003, Clinical Microbiology Reviews.

[21]  Stephen B Weisberg,et al.  Evaluation of microbial source tracking methods using mixed fecal sources in aqueous test samples. , 2003, Journal of water and health.

[22]  P. H. Krumperman.  Multiple antibiotic resistance indexing of Escherichia coli to identify high-risk sources of fecal contamination of foods , 1983, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[23]  M. Brown,et al.  Sample Size, Library Composition, and Genotypic Diversity among Natural Populations of Escherichia coli from Different Animals Influence Accuracy of Determining Sources of Fecal Pollution , 2004, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[24]  S. Vesper,et al.  Evaluation of rapid DNA extraction methods for the quantitative detection of fungi using real-time PCR analysis. , 2002, Journal of microbiological methods.

[25]  P. Hsueh,et al.  Identification of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron on the Basis of an Unexpected Specific Amplicon of Universal 16S Ribosomal DNA PCR , 2004, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[26]  V. Harwood,et al.  Classification of Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Indicator Bacteria by Discriminant Analysis: Use in Predicting the Source of Fecal Contamination in Subtropical Waters , 2000, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[27]  A. Mills,et al.  Manual of environmental microbiology. , 2007 .

[28]  D. M. Ward,et al.  Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Profiles of 16 S rRNA-Defined Populations Inhabiting a Hot Spring Microbial Mat Community , 1996 .

[29]  L. Wymer,et al.  Evaluation of different methods for the extraction of DNA from fungal conidia by quantitative competitive PCR analysis. , 1999, Journal of microbiological methods.

[30]  Joan B. Rose,et al.  Microbial Source Tracking: Current Methodology and Future Directions , 2002, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.