Biosafety, ethics, and regulation of transgenic animals.

Transgenic animals—animals with genes added to their deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (either from organisms or eventually synthesized genes never before present in living organisms)—will no longer be limited by the gene pool of their parents. Such animals are slated to be created expressly to provide vital and novel benefits for human beings. These animals can have desirable characteristics or traits from virtually any gene pool and may also possess properties not present in nature or available through conventional breeding. They will be created for the production of new medical and pharmaceutical products and to enhance meat, dairy, and fiber production efficiency.

[1]  M. Midgley Animals and Why They Matter , 1984, Mary Midgley.

[2]  D. Macer International Aspects: National Profiles, Japan , 2002 .

[3]  B. Rollin Send in the Clones ... Don't Bother, They're Here , 1997 .

[4]  T. Regan The Case for Animal Rights , 1983 .

[5]  P. Thompson,et al.  Ethical Issues in Livestock Cloning , 1999, Journal of agricultural & environmental ethics.

[6]  F. Brom,et al.  Brave new birds. The use of 'animal integrity' in animal ethics. , 2002, The Hastings Center report.

[7]  D. Jackson Labeling Products of Biotechnology: Towards Communication and Consent , 2000 .

[8]  A. Daar,et al.  Ethics of Xenotransplantation: Animal Issues, Consent, and Likely Transformation of Transplant Ethics , 1997, World Journal of Surgery.

[9]  D. Letourneau,et al.  Genetically Engineered Organisms : Assessing Environmental and Human Health Effects , 2001 .

[10]  H. Miller Agricultural Biotechnology, Law, and Food Biotechnology Regulation , 2002 .

[11]  M. Hansson International Aspects: National Profiles, Scandinavia , 2002 .

[12]  H. Miller,et al.  Precaution without principle , 2001, Nature Biotechnology.

[13]  Tom Regan,et al.  Defending Animal Rights , 2000 .

[14]  J. Bentham An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation , 1945, Princeton Readings in Political Thought.

[15]  S. Krimsky Agricultural biotechnology and the environment , 1993 .

[16]  Maxwell J. Mehlman,et al.  Encyclopedia of Ethical, Legal, and Policy Issues in Biotechnology , 2000 .

[17]  P. Thompson Ethics and the Genetic Engineering of Food Animals , 1997 .

[18]  M. Ruse Philosophy of biology , 1998 .

[19]  M. Hoy Transgenic Arthropods for Pest Management Programs: Risks and Realities , 2004, Experimental & Applied Acarology.

[20]  A. Kapuscinski Controversies in designing useful ecological assessments of genetically engineered organisms: Controversies in designing useful ecological assessments of genetically engineered organisms , 2001 .

[21]  Jackie Caswell Incorporating science, economics, and sociology in developing sanitary and phytosanitary standards in international trade - Overview , 2000 .

[22]  Wayne Ouderkirk Book Review: Gary L. Comstock.VEXING NATURE? ON THE ETHICAL CASE AGAINST AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY. Boston/Dordrecht/London: Kluwer, 2000. , 2002 .

[23]  H. Fineberg,et al.  Understanding Risk: Informing Decisions in a Democratic Society , 1996 .

[24]  V. Sharpe Science, bioethics, and the public interest: on the need for transparency. , 2002, The Hastings Center report.

[25]  A. Holland,et al.  Animal biotechnology and ethics , 1998 .

[26]  D. Lamb Animal-to-human Transplants: the Ethics of Xenotransplantation , 1997 .

[27]  H. Fineberg,et al.  Uncertainty in xenotransplantation: Individual benefit versus collective risk , 1998, Nature Medicine.

[28]  G. Yan,et al.  The spread of genetic constructs in natural insect populations. , 2002 .

[29]  F. B. Orlans Research on Animals, Law, Legislative, and Welfare Issues in the Use of Animals for Genetic Engineering and Xenotransplantation , 2002 .

[30]  Michael Balls,et al.  Replacement Alternatives in Teaching. Progress in the reduction, refinement and replacement of Animal Experimentation , 1999 .

[31]  E. Hallerman,et al.  Incorporating risk assessment and risk management into public policies on genetically modified finfish and shellfish , 1995 .

[32]  W. Russell,et al.  Ethical and Scientific Considerations Regarding Animal Testing and Research , 2011, PloS one.

[33]  J. Haldane,et al.  Philosophy and Public Affairs , 2000 .

[34]  W. Dean,et al.  Competing Conceptions of Risk , 1996 .

[35]  G. R. Hagevoort,et al.  Construction of science for animal agriculture. , 1994, Journal of animal science.

[36]  S. Stich The recombinant DNA debate. , 1978, Philosophy & public affairs.

[37]  Warwick Gullett,et al.  Protecting Public Health and the Environment: Implementing the Precautionary Principle , 2000 .

[38]  Gary Comstock,et al.  Vexing Nature? , 2000, Springer US.

[39]  P. Thompson Biotechnology policy: four ethical problems and three political solutions. , 1998 .

[40]  G. Varner Should you clone your dog? An animal rights perspective on somacloning. , 1999, Animal welfare.

[41]  D. Weary,et al.  A Scientific Conception of Animal Welfare that Reflects Ethical Concerns , 1997, Animal Welfare.

[42]  R. Heeger,et al.  Inherent worth and respect for animal integrity , 1999 .

[43]  J. Allan Public health concerns take center stage in Nuffield Council on Bioethics , 1996, Science and engineering ethics.

[44]  W. Muir,et al.  Methods to assess ecological risks of transgenic fish releases , 2001 .

[45]  P. Thompson,et al.  From a philosopher's perspective, how should animal scientists meet the challenge of contentious issues? , 1999, Journal of animal science.

[46]  P B Thompson,et al.  Food biotechnology's challenge to cultural integrity and individual consent. , 1997, The Hastings Center report.

[47]  I. Wilmut,et al.  "Viable Offspring Derived from Fetal and Adult Mammalian Cells" (1997), by Ian Wilmut et al. , 2014 .

[48]  B. Rollin On telos and genetic engineering , 1998 .

[49]  Victoria N. Ruff,et al.  Financial incentives for organ procurement. Ethical aspects of future contracts for cadaveric donors. Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs, American Medical Association. , 1995, Archives of internal medicine.

[50]  Honor C. Prentice,et al.  Gene Flow and Introgression from Domesticated Plants into Their Wild Relatives , 1999 .

[51]  David H. Smith,et al.  Roots of Concern with Nonhuman Animals in Biomedical Ethics. , 1999, ILAR journal.