Underestimation of Schistosoma mansoni prevalences.

Field methods used for detecting Schistosoma mansoni infection miss a certain proportion of the infections. Prevalences of infection appear to be far under-estimated by faecal screening, with important consequences for control and research. Sake de Vlos and Bruno Gryseels investigate how the number of undetected infections can be statistically inferred from population surveys.

[1]  A. Elwi,et al.  Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium infections in Egypt. II. Quantitative parasitological findings at necropsy. , 1977, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[2]  M. Woolhouse Immunoepidemiology of intestinal helminths: pattern and process. , 1992, Parasitology today.

[3]  M. Barreto,et al.  Stability of faecal egg excretion in Schistosoma mansoni infection. , 1978, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

[4]  S. Chandiwana,et al.  Evaluation of the reagent strip test for haematuria in the control of Schistosoma haematobium infection in schoolchildren. , 1990, Acta tropica.

[5]  M. Barreto,et al.  Implications of faecal egg count variation when using the Kato-Katz method to assess Schistosoma mansoni infections. , 1990, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

[6]  M. Goddard On allowing for diagnostic imperfections in assessing effectiveness of treatment for Schistosomiasis. , 1977, International journal of epidemiology.

[7]  K. Mott,et al.  Collaborative study on antigens for immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis. , 1982, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

[8]  S. el Hak,et al.  Progress in the control of schistosomiasis in Egypt 1985-1988. , 1990, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

[9]  D. McClish,et al.  Improving estimates of prevalence by repeated testing. , 1985, Biometrics.

[10]  E. Ruiz-Tiben,et al.  Intensity of infection with Schistosoma mansoni: its relationship to the sensitivity and specificity of serologic tests. , 1979, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[11]  A. Elwi,et al.  Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium infections in Egypt. I. Evaluation of techniques for recovery of worms and eggs at necropsy. , 1977, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[12]  S D Walter,et al.  Estimation of test error rates, disease prevalence and relative risk from misclassified data: a review. , 1988, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[13]  N Katz,et al.  A simple device for quantitative stool thick-smear technique in Schistosomiasis mansoni. , 1972, Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo.

[14]  E. Loker A comparative study of the life-histories of mammalian schistosomes , 1983, Parasitology.

[15]  Faust Ec,et al.  The control of schistosomiasis , 1952 .

[16]  D. Koech,et al.  Comparison of different chemotherapy strategies against Schistosoma mansoni in Machakos District, Kenya: effects on human infection and morbidity , 1991, Parasitology.

[17]  J. R. Cançado,et al.  Therapeutical evaluation of different dose regimens of praziquantel in schistosomiasis mansoni, based on the quantitative oogram technique. , 1987, Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo.

[18]  A. Deelder,et al.  Detection of circulating anodic antigen by ELISA for seroepidemiology of schistosomiasis mansoni. , 1988, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

[19]  M. Barreto,et al.  Comparison of filtration staining (Bell) and thick smear (Kato) for the detection of quantitation of Schistosoma mansoni eggs in faeces. , 1982, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

[20]  B. Gryseels,et al.  Morbidity, due to schistosomiasis mansoni, and its control in Subsaharan Africa. , 1991, Parasitology today.

[21]  R. May,et al.  Consequences of helminth aggregation for the dynamics of schistosomiasis. , 1978, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

[22]  B. Gryseels,et al.  Acquired immunity in schistosomiasis. , 1992, Parasitology today.

[23]  B. Cline,et al.  Advances in epidemiology survey methodology and techniques in schistosomiasis. , 1980, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

[24]  L. Woodstock,et al.  Control of Schistosoma mansoni transmission by provision of domestic water supplies. A preliminary report of a study in St Lucia. , 1975, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

[25]  A. Cheever A quantitative post-mortem study of Schistosomiasis mansoni in man. , 1968, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[26]  L. Chitsulo,et al.  Egg count variability and sensitivity of a thin smear technique for the diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni. , 1985, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

[27]  P. Hagan Reinfection, exposure and immunity in human schistosomiasis. , 1992, Parasitology today.