New symmetric and asymmetric supercapacitors based on high surface area porous nickel and activated carbon

We have studied some supercapacitor cell assemblies based on high surface area nickel and nickel oxide materials. Both symmetric and asymmetric configurations consisting of nickel and nickel oxide with activated carbon as a negative el ectrode have been investigated. A single electrode specific capacitance value of 473 F g -1 of nickel is obtained for the porous nickel. We have used cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chargedischarge profile analysis to characterize the supe rcapacitor cell assemblies. Based on the analysis of impedance data in terms of complex capacitance and complex power, the relaxation time constant (τ0) was calculated for different supercapacitor cell assemblies. The quick response time (of the order of milliseconds) with fast energ y delivery at relatively high power suggests that these materials can find applications in short time pulse devices. A coulombic efficiency of 0.93 to 0.99 is obtained for the supercapacitor cel l assemblies studied in this work. The measured equivalent series resistance (ESR) value is relativ ely high due to the contribution from the resistance offered by the pores and the contact res istance arising from the cell fabrication method. Although the specific capacitance values ar e relatively less, the cell exhibits a fast response time, which is a desirable property in cer tain specialized applications.

[1]  Norio Miura,et al.  Electrochemically synthesized MnO2-based mixed oxides for high performance redox supercapacitors , 2004 .

[2]  B. Conway.  Transition from “Supercapacitor” to “Battery” Behavior in Electrochemical Energy Storage , 1991 .

[3]  Marc A. Anderson,et al.  Porous Nickel Oxide/Nickel Films for Electrochemical Capacitors , 1996 .

[4]  A. Burke.  Ultracapacitors: why, how, and where is the technology , 2000 .

[5]  A. Shukla,et al.  Electrochemical Capacitors Based on Sol-Gel Derived, Ionically Conducting Composite Solid Electrolytes , 2003 .

[6]  S. Pitchumani,et al.  Assessment of Liquid Crystal Template Deposited Porous Nickel as a Supercapacitor Electrode Material , 2005 .

[7]  Jim P. Zheng,et al.  Hydrous Ruthenium Oxide as an Electrode Material for Electrochemical Capacitors , 1995 .

[8]  M. Anderson,et al.  Novel Electrode Materials for Thin‐Film Ultracapacitors: Comparison of Electrochemical Properties of Sol‐Gel‐Derived and Electrodeposited Manganese Dioxide , 2000 .

[9]  S. Sotiropoulos,et al.  Electrodeposition of Ni from a high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) template , 2001 .

[10]  P. Taberna,et al.  Electrochemical Characteristics and Impedance Spectroscopy Studies of Carbon-Carbon Supercapacitors , 2003 .

[11]  M. Barak,et al.  Power Sources 4 , 1974 .

[12]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[13]  Jim P. Zheng,et al.  Ruthenium Oxide Film Electrodes Prepared at Low Temperatures for Electrochemical Capacitors , 2001 .

[14]  I. Tanahashi,et al.  Electrochemical Characterization of Activated Carbon‐Fiber Cloth Polarizable Electrodes for Electric Double‐Layer Capacitors , 1990 .

[15]  Venkat Srinivasan,et al.  Studies on the Capacitance of Nickel Oxide Films: Effect of Heating Temperature and Electrolyte Concentration , 2000 .

[16]  E. Kalu,et al.  Cyclic voltammetric studies of the effects of time and temperature on the capacitance of electrochemically deposited nickel hydroxide , 2001 .

[17]  S. Srinivasan,et al.  Electrode materials and processes for energy conversion and storage , 1994 .

[18]  Wendy G. Pell,et al.  Power limitations of supercapacitor operation associated with resistance and capacitance distribution in porous electrode devices , 2002 .

[19]  N. Miura,et al.  Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of nanostructured tin oxide for electrochemical redox supercapacitors , 2004 .

[20]  J. Weidner,et al.  An Electrochemical Route for Making Porous Nickel Oxide Electrochemical Capacitors , 1997 .

[21]  N. Munichandraiah,et al.  Electrochemical Studies of Polyaniline in a Gel Polymer Electrolyte High Energy and High Power Characteristics of a Solid-State Redox Supercapacitor , 2002 .

[22]  K. Cole,et al.  Dispersion and Absorption in Dielectrics I. Alternating Current Characteristics , 1941 .

[23]  B. Conway,et al.  The role and utilization of pseudocapacitance for energy storage by supercapacitors , 1997 .

[24]  A. Zanelli,et al.  Polymer Selection and Cell Design for Electric‐Vehicle Supercapacitors , 2000 .

[25]  E. Lust,et al.  Influence of solvent nature on the electrochemical parameters of electrical double layer capacitors , 2004 .

[26]  P. Simon,et al.  Hybrid Supercapacitors Based on Activated Carbons and Conducting Polymers , 2001 .

[27]  Allen J. Bard,et al.  Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications , 1980 .

[28]  Wenzhi Li,et al.  Electrochemical characterization of carbon nanotubes as electrode in electrochemical double-layer capacitors , 2002 .

[29]  John R. Owen,et al.  A High-Performance Supercapacitor/Battery Hybrid Incorporating Templated Mesoporous Electrodes , 2003 .

[30]  J. A. Ritter,et al.  Characterization of Sol‐Gel‐Derived Cobalt Oxide Xerogels as Electrochemical Capacitors , 1998 .

[31]  Jim P. Zheng,et al.  A New Charge Storage Mechanism for Electrochemical Capacitors , 1995 .

[32]  K. Nam,et al.  A Study of the Preparation of NiO x Electrode via Electrochemical Route for Supercapacitor Applications and Their Charge Storage Mechanism , 2002 .

[33]  R. Kötz,et al.  Principles and applications of electrochemical capacitors , 2000 .

[34]  Takeshi Morimoto,et al.  Electric double-layer capacitor using organic electrolyte , 1996 .

[35]  M. Mastragostino,et al.  Carbon-Poly(3-methylthiophene) Hybrid Supercapacitors , 2001 .

[36]  Patricia H. Smith,et al.  Mesoporous anhydrous RuO2 as a supercapacitor electrode material , 2004 .

[37]  O. Park,et al.  An Electrochemical Capacitor Based on a Ni ( OH ) 2/Activated Carbon Composite Electrode , 2002 .

[38]  V. Ganesh,et al.  Preparation of high surface area nickel electrodeposit using a liquid crystal template technique , 2004 .

[39]  Shimshon Gottesfeld,et al.  Conducting polymers as active materials in electrochemical capacitors , 1994 .

[40]  W. Yoon,et al.  X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies of nickel oxide thin film electrodes for supercapacitors , 2002 .