Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensing technology was used to dynamically monitor multiple parameters of railway switch machine poles, including time of movement, direction and quantity of loading and locking force, and states of loading resistance. Ring shape FBG strain gauge and strain sensibilized methods significantly increased the monitoring sensitivity. Installing approaches adapted the harsh environment in railway application. The monitoring results showed that for a Siemens S700K switch machine, its pole pressured stroke took 5s. Maximum load: -5.9kN, average load: -3.3kN. Vibration caused by resistance exists, its period: 0.1s, range: 0.5kN~1.6kN. After the stroke, the locking force was kept at -0.6kN. In tensile stroke, it also took 5s. Maximum load: 6.8kN, average load: 5.5kN. Vibration period: 0.1s, range: 0.7kN~2kN. Locking force: 0.2 kN. This long-term and on-line detecting method could meet railway switch condition monitoring demands of more than 100,000 switch machines in this country.