Military comparison of 3D printed vs commercial components

The Army continues the development of 3D printing technology to enhance the capability to produce smaller and lighter precision weaponry. Researchers and support organizations that are affiliated with the Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center (AMRDEC) are developing nano-based structures and components for advanced weaponry, aviation, and autonomous air/ground systems applications. The first key area consists of determining in-plane and out-of-plane shear properties of test articles made by 3D printing (Fused Deposition Modeling - FDM) and comparing to the conventional extrusion/forming sheet process. Test specimens are made from three polymer materials: acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), high impact poly-styrene (HIPS), and poly-lactic acid (PLA). Laboratory testing is performed according to the ASTM D3846–02 method for determining the in-plane shear strength, while the ASTM D5379 method is used for determining the out-of-plane shear properties. A description on how the 3D printing process advances the shear properties and has the potential of improving the in-plane and cross-sectional shear properties over the conventional manufacturing process is presented. The second key area demonstrates a set of materials, processes, and techniques that support the enabling of additive manufacture (AM) of RF components. Research activities are focused on developing open-source hardware/software multi-material direct digital printing, and producing 3D printed antenna, passive components, and connectors for C-band and Ku-band systems. Material studies have demonstrated a suitable material set for RF components and identified key material performance limits. Results show how more enhancement could be achieved by optimizing the variables that affect 3D printing.

[1]  Wei Gao,et al.  Application of 3D Printing for Smart Objects with Embedded Electronic Sensors and Systems , 2016 .

[2]  Stephen A. Marotta,et al.  Structural Health Monitoring of Strategically Tuned Absolutely Resilient Structures (STARS) , 2010 .

[3]  Bernhard Mueller,et al.  Additive Manufacturing Technologies – Rapid Prototyping to Direct Digital Manufacturing , 2012 .

[4]  Paul B. Ruffin,et al.  Innovative smart micro sensors for Army weaponry applications , 2008, SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.

[5]  Paul B. Ruffin,et al.  Nano-based sensor for assessment of weaponry structural degradation , 2016, SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.

[6]  Bryan Jon Willis.  Compact form fitting small antennas using three-dimensional rapid prototyping , 2012 .

[7]  Paul B. Ruffin,et al.  Nano devices and concepts for condition-based maintenance of military systems , 2015, Smart Structures.

[8]  Alfred Fendt,et al.  Dual-mode seeker with imaging sensor and semi-active laser detector , 2007, SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing.

[9]  C. Emmelmann,et al.  Additive Manufacturing of Metals , 2016 .

[10]  Manos M. Tentzeris,et al.  Demonstration and charaterization of fully 3D-printed RF structures , 2015, 2015 IEEE 15th Mediterranean Microwave Symposium (MMS).

[11]  David L. Bourell,et al.  Solid Freeform Fabrication Proceedings , 2001 .

[12]  Oleksiy S. Kim,et al.  Rapid Prototyping of Electrically Small Spherical Wire Antennas , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[13]  Oleksiy S. Kim,et al.  3D printing electrically small spherical antennas , 2013, 2013 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI).

[14]  Stephen C. Danforth,et al.  Thermal Analysis Of Fused Deposition , 1997 .

[15]  S. Michlovitz,et al.  Continuous low-level heat wrap therapy is effective for treating wrist pain. , 2004, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[16]  Christina L. Brantley,et al.  Military efforts in nanosensors, 3D printing, and imaging detection , 2017, Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.