Attentional Selectivity in Short-term Memory: Similarity of Process, Not Similarity of Content, Determines Disruption

Background sound substantially disrupts serial recall, even under conditions where participants are explicitly told to ignore it. Study of such a phenomenon may serve to illuminate the manner in which information from various sources interacts in memory, as well as the extent to which unattended information is processed. A review of the literature is presented that points to a number of conclusions. First, that interference occurs in memory, not on the basis of similarity of content between relevant and irrelevant material, but rather on the basis of similarity of process. Speci® cally, in a serial recall task, the key memory process is that of order retention, and therefore, order information in the sequence of auditory events interferes with the process of ordering within the rehearsal set. Second, that organisation and interference within memory are intimately connected with perceptual processes. Un bruit de fond nuit au rappel se riel, meA me lorsque les participants ont pour instruction explicite de l’ignorer. L’e tude d’un tel phe nomeA ne met en lumieA re la facE on dont l’information provenant de plusieurs sources interagit en me moire, ainsi que le degre de traitement de l’information ignore . Une recension de la litte rature est pre sente e ainsi que les conclusions qui en de coulent. PremieA rement, l’interfe rence en me moire se produit sur la base de la similarite du traitement, plutoA t que sur la base de la similarite du mate riel pertinent et non pertinent. Par exemple, dans une taA che de rappel se riel, le processus mne monique cle est la re tention de l’ordre. C’est donc l’information relie e a l’ordre d’une se quence d’e le ments auditifs qui interfeA re avec le processus relie aA l’ordre aA l’inte rieur de l’ensemble a retenir. DeuxieA mement, l’organisation et l’interfe rence en me moire sont intimement lie es aux processus perceptifs.

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