EARTHQUAKE LOAD ANALYSIS OF TUNNELS AND SHAFTS

This paper presents a closed-form solution for determining bending moments and axial loads for tunnels and shafts under earthquake load, while considering soil-structure interaction as a pseudostatic problem. The results are presented graphically in terms of nondimensional parameters, such that these curves can be used directly to aid in design-load calculations. The solutions are particularly useful for relatively rigid structures embedded in soft soils, or for tunnels/shafts with small segment lengths.