Degraded Text Recognition of Gurmukhi Script

[1]  Osamu Nakamura,et al.  Character Segmentation for Mixed-Mode Communication , 1983, IFIP Congress.

[2]  Michael Droettboom Correcting broken characters in the recognition of historical printed documents , 2003, 2003 Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, 2003. Proceedings..

[3]  Theodosios Pavlidis,et al.  On the Recognition of Printed Characters of Any Font and Size , 1987, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[4]  Javier Muguerza,et al.  Segmentation of low-quality typewritten digits , 1998, Proceedings. Fourteenth International Conference on Pattern Recognition (Cat. No.98EX170).

[5]  Chandan Singh,et al.  A shape based post processor for Gurmukhi OCR , 2001, Proceedings of Sixth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition.

[6]  Ishwar K. Sethi,et al.  Machine recognition of constrained hand printed devanagari , 1977, Pattern Recognit..

[7]  V. K. Govindan,et al.  Character recognition - A review , 1990, Pattern Recognit..

[8]  Yi Lu,et al.  Character segmentation in handwritten words - An overview , 1996, Pattern Recognit..

[9]  Anil K. Jain,et al.  Template-based online character recognition , 2001, Pattern Recognit..

[10]  Anil K. Jain,et al.  Statistical Pattern Recognition: A Review , 2000, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[11]  M.K. Jindal,et al.  Segmentation of Horizontally Overlapping lines in Printed Gurmukhi Script , 2006, 2006 International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communications.

[12]  Rajendra Kumar Sharma,et al.  A Study of Touching Characters in Degraded Gurmukhi Text , 2005, WEC.

[13]  Godfried T. Toussaint,et al.  Results Obtained Using a Simple Character Recognition Procedure on Munson's Handprinted Data , 1972, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[14]  Y. Sheng,et al.  Orthogonal Fourier–Mellin moments for invariant pattern recognition , 1994 .

[15]  Bidyut Baran Chaudhuri,et al.  A complete printed Bangla OCR system , 1998, Pattern Recognit..

[16]  Hong Yan,et al.  Separation of single-touching handwritten numeral strings based on structural features , 1998, Pattern Recognit..

[17]  Patrick S. P. Wang,et al.  Character segmentation techniques for handwritten text-a survey , 1992, Proceedings., 11th IAPR International Conference on Pattern Recognition. Vol.II. Conference B: Pattern Recognition Methodology and Systems.

[18]  Wentai Liu,et al.  Optical recognition of handwritten Chinese characters: Advances since 1980 , 1993, Pattern Recognit..

[19]  Marwan A. Jabri,et al.  Low resolution, degraded document recognition using neural networks and hidden Markov models , 1998, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[20]  Chinmoy B. Bose,et al.  Connected and degraded text recognition using hidden Markov model , 1992, Proceedings., 11th IAPR International Conference on Pattern Recognition. Vol.II. Conference B: Pattern Recognition Methodology and Systems.

[21]  Rajendra Kumar Sharma,et al.  On Segmentation of Touching Characters and Overlapping Lines in Degraded Printed Gurmukhi Script , 2009, Int. J. Image Graph..

[22]  Anil K. Jain,et al.  Recognition of unconstrained online Devanagari characters , 2000, Proceedings 15th International Conference on Pattern Recognition. ICPR-2000.

[23]  Bidyut Baran Chaudhuri,et al.  Skew Angle Detection of Digitized Indian Script Documents , 1997, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[24]  Shamik Sural,et al.  An MLP using Hough transform based fuzzy feature extraction for Bengali script recognition , 1999, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[25]  C. Patvardhan,et al.  A high accuracy OCR system for printed Telugu text , 2003, TENCON 2003. Conference on Convergent Technologies for Asia-Pacific Region.

[26]  Santanu Chaudhury,et al.  Bengali alpha-numeric character recognition using curvature features , 1993, Pattern Recognit..

[27]  Bidyut Baran Chaudhuri,et al.  Compound character recognition by run-number-based metric distance , 1998, Electronic Imaging.

[28]  Thomas H. Reiss,et al.  The revised Fundamental Theorem of Moment Invariants , 1991, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[29]  Yi Lu,et al.  Machine printed character segmentation --; An overview , 1995, Pattern Recognit..

[30]  R. Mahesh K. Sinha,et al.  Rule based contextual post-processing for devanagari text recognition , 1987, Pattern Recognit..

[31]  George Nagy,et al.  At the frontiers of OCR , 1992, Proc. IEEE.

[32]  B. Chatterjee,et al.  Design of a Nearest Neighbour Classifier System for Bengali Character Recognition , 1984 .

[33]  Sanghamitra Mohanty Pattern Recognition in Alphabets of Oriya Language Using Kohonen Neural Network , 1998, Int. J. Pattern Recognit. Artif. Intell..

[34]  Haruo Asada,et al.  Resolving Ambiguity in Segmenting Touching Characters , 1992 .

[35]  Roy L. Hoffman,et al.  Segmentation Methods for Recognition of Machine-Printed Characters , 1971, IBM J. Res. Dev..

[36]  Anil K. Jain,et al.  Artificial Neural Networks: A Tutorial , 1996, Computer.

[37]  Seong-Whan Lee,et al.  Nonlinear shape normalization methods for the recognition of large-set handwritten characters , 1994, Pattern Recognit..

[38]  Hiroshi Murase,et al.  On-line handwriting recognition , 1992, Proc. IEEE.

[39]  Fumitaka Kimura,et al.  Recognition of Handwritten Kannada Numerals , 2006, 9th International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT'06).

[40]  Alireza Khotanzad,et al.  Invariant Image Recognition by Zernike Moments , 1990, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[41]  Ching Y. Suen,et al.  A Method of Combining Multiple Experts for the Recognition of Unconstrained Handwritten Numerals , 1995, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[42]  Adnan Amin,et al.  Off line Arabic character recognition: a survey , 1997, Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition.

[43]  Hong Yan,et al.  Separation of touching handwritten multi-numeral strings based on morphological structural features , 2001, Pattern Recognit..

[44]  Theodosios Pavlidis,et al.  A Shape Analysis Model with Applications to a Character Recognition System , 1994, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[45]  Ching Y. Suen,et al.  Building a new generation of handwriting recognition systems , 1993, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[46]  U. Pal,et al.  Segmentation of Bangla unconstrained handwritten text , 2003, Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2003. Proceedings..

[47]  Bruce A. Draper,et al.  Goal-Directed Classification Using Linear Machine Decision Trees , 1994, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[48]  Archit Yajnik,et al.  Identification of gujarati characters using wavelets and neural networks , 2006, Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing.

[49]  Lee Luan Ling,et al.  Disconnected handwritten numeral image recognition , 1997, Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition.

[50]  M.J.T. Smith,et al.  Enhancement of fax documents using a binary angular representation , 2001, Proceedings of 2001 International Symposium on Intelligent Multimedia, Video and Speech Processing. ISIMP 2001 (IEEE Cat. No.01EX489).

[51]  Rajendra Kumar Sharma,et al.  Structural Features for Recognizing Degraded Printed Gurmukhi Script , 2008, Fifth International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations (itng 2008).

[52]  Yves Lecourtier,et al.  A structural/statistical feature based vector for handwritten character recognition , 1998, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[53]  Eric Lecolinet,et al.  A Survey of Methods and Strategies in Character Segmentation , 1996, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[54]  Mindy Bokser,et al.  Omnidocument technologies , 1992, Proc. IEEE.

[55]  Jan Flusser,et al.  Affine moment invariants: a new tool for character recognition , 1994, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[56]  P. S. Sastry,et al.  A font and size-independent OCR system for printed Kannada documents using support vector machines , 2002 .

[57]  V. Vaidya,et al.  Statistical approach to feature extraction for numeral recognition from degraded documents , 1999, Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition. ICDAR '99 (Cat. No.PR00318).

[58]  Atul Negi,et al.  Zone identification in the printed Gujarati text , 2005, Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR'05).

[59]  Masaki Nakagawa,et al.  'Online recognition of Chinese characters: the state-of-the-art , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[60]  Jung-Hsien Chiang,et al.  Handwritten word recognition with character and inter-character neural networks , 1997, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B.

[61]  Majid Ahmadi,et al.  Pattern recognition with moment invariants: A comparative study and new results , 1991, Pattern Recognit..

[62]  J. Mantas,et al.  An overview of character recognition methodologies , 1986, Pattern Recognit..

[63]  Seong-Whan Lee Off-Line Recognition of Totally Unconstrained Handwritten Numerals Using Multilayer Cluster Neural Network , 1996, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[64]  U. Pal,et al.  Multi-script line identification from Indian documents , 2003, Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2003. Proceedings..

[65]  Richard Rohwer,et al.  Efficient use of training data in the n-tuple recognition method , 1993 .

[66]  Hong Yan,et al.  Separation of single- and double-touching handwritten numeral strings , 1995 .

[67]  Noriyoshi Okamoto,et al.  A character segmentation algorithm for mixed-mode communication , 1985, Systems and Computers in Japan.

[68]  Berrin A. Yanikoglu,et al.  Pitch-based segmentation and recognition of dot-matrix text , 2000, International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition.

[69]  Chandan Singh Improved quality of reconstructed images using floating point arithmetic for moment calculation , 2006, Pattern Recognit..

[70]  Richard M. Schwartz,et al.  Robust OCR of degraded documents , 1999, Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition. ICDAR '99 (Cat. No.PR00318).

[71]  Atul Negi,et al.  An OCR system for Telugu , 2001, Proceedings of Sixth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition.

[72]  A. G. Ramakrishnan,et al.  Machine Recognition of Printed Kannada Text , 2002, Document Analysis Systems.

[73]  Daniel P. Lopresti,et al.  Validation of Image Defect Models for Optical Character Recognition , 1996, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[74]  Cheng-Lin Liu,et al.  Classification and Learning for Character Recognition: Comparison of Methods and Remaining Problems , 2005 .

[75]  Haruo Asada,et al.  Major components of a complete text reading system , 1992 .

[76]  Stephen V. Rice,et al.  The Fourth Annual Test of OCR Accuracy , 1995 .

[77]  R.M.K. Sinha Role of Context in Devanagari Script Recognition , 1987 .

[78]  Maher A. Sid-Ahmed,et al.  Machine recognition of optically captured machine printed arabic text , 1990, Pattern Recognit..

[79]  Stefano Messelodi,et al.  Context driven text segmentation and recognition , 1996, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[80]  Henry S. Baird,et al.  Feature identification for hybrid structural/statistical pattern classification , 1988, Comput. Vis. Graph. Image Process..

[81]  Bidyut Baran Chaudhuri,et al.  Indian script character recognition: a survey , 2004, Pattern Recognit..

[82]  Bin Chen,et al.  Recognition of handwritten Chinese characters via short line segments , 1992, Pattern Recognit..

[83]  S. S. Reddi,et al.  Radial and Angular Moment Invariants for Image Identification , 1981, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[84]  I. G. Priest THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. , 1940, Science.

[85]  Yang He,et al.  Alternatives to Variable Duration HMM in Handwriting Recognition , 1998, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[86]  Qi Tian,et al.  Survey: omnifont-printed character recognition , 1991, Other Conferences.

[87]  Anil K. Jain,et al.  Feature extraction methods for character recognition-A survey , 1996, Pattern Recognit..

[88]  Jin Wang,et al.  Segmentation of merged characters by neural networks and shortest path , 1994, Pattern Recognit..

[89]  Rajendra Kumar Sharma,et al.  A Study of Different Kinds of Degradation in Printed Gurmukhi Script , 2007, 2007 International Conference on Computing: Theory and Applications (ICCTA'07).

[90]  Sameer Antani,et al.  Gujarati character recognition , 1999, Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition. ICDAR '99 (Cat. No.PR00318).

[91]  Shuyan Zhao,et al.  Two-stage segmentation of unconstrained handwritten Chinese character , 2003, Pattern Recognit..

[92]  Ashraf Elnagar,et al.  Segmentation of connected handwritten numeral strings , 2003, Pattern Recognit..

[93]  Patrick Kelly,et al.  Quality assessment and restoration of typewritten document images , 1999, International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition.

[94]  Luiz Eduardo Soares de Oliveira,et al.  Support vector machines for handwritten numerical string recognition , 2004, Ninth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition.

[95]  Z. M. Kovacs A system for reading low quality characters from printouts , 1996 .

[96]  Serban Iliescu,et al.  Proposed heuristic procedures to preprocess character patterns using line adjacency graphs , 1996, Pattern Recognit..

[97]  Jhing-Fa Wang,et al.  Segmentation of Single- or Multiple-Touching Handwritten Numeral String Using Background and Foreground Analysis , 2000, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[98]  Rajendra Kumar Sharma,et al.  Segmentation Problems and Solutions in Printed Degraded Gurmukhi Script , 2006 .

[99]  Ming-Kuei Hu,et al.  Visual pattern recognition by moment invariants , 1962, IRE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[100]  Ching Y. Suen,et al.  The State of the Art in Online Handwriting Recognition , 1990, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[101]  Masami Oguro Faxed document image restoration using gray level representation , 1997, Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition.

[102]  Chandan Singh,et al.  Text segmentation of machine-printed Gurmukhi script , 2000, IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging.

[103]  Ching Y. Suen,et al.  Historical review of OCR research and development , 1992, Proc. IEEE.

[104]  Lawrence O'Gorman,et al.  Document image analysis: A bibliography , 1992, Machine Vision and Applications.

[105]  Mandyam D. Srinath,et al.  Invariant character recognition with Zernike and orthogonal Fourier-Mellin moments , 2002, Pattern Recognit..

[106]  Ching Y. Suen,et al.  Distance features for neural network-based recognition of handwritten characters , 1998, International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition.

[107]  Umapada Pal,et al.  Touching numeral segmentation using water reservoir concept , 2003, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[108]  R Srinivasa Rao Kunte,et al.  On-line Character Recognition for Handwritten Kannada Characters using Wavelet Features and Neural Classifier , 2000 .

[109]  Junichi Kanai,et al.  Character recognition , 1997 .

[110]  Bidyut Baran Chaudhuri,et al.  A Hybrid Scheme for Handprinted Numeral Recognition Based on a Self-Organizing Network and MLP Classifiers , 2002, Int. J. Pattern Recognit. Artif. Intell..

[111]  S. Impedovo,et al.  Optical Character Recognition - a Survey , 1991, Int. J. Pattern Recognit. Artif. Intell..

[112]  Gurpreet Singh Lehal,et al.  Segmentation of Horizontally Overlapping Lines in Printed Indian Scripts , 2007 .

[113]  Lawrence D. Jackel,et al.  Backpropagation Applied to Handwritten Zip Code Recognition , 1989, Neural Computation.

[114]  Bidyut B. Chaudhuri,et al.  Computer recognition of printed Bangla script , 1995 .

[115]  Chandan Singh,et al.  A post-processor for Gurmukhi OCR , 2002 .

[116]  M. Berthod,et al.  Automatic recognition of handprinted characters—The state of the art , 1980, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[117]  Gurpreet Singh Lehal A Complete Machine-Printed Gurmukhi OCR System , 2009 .

[118]  Mandar Mitra,et al.  Automatic recognition of printed Oriya script , 2002 .

[119]  Fumitaka Kimura,et al.  Oriya handwritten numeral recognition system , 2005, Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR'05).

[120]  Theodosios Pavlidis,et al.  A solution to the problem of touching and broken characters , 1993, Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR '93).

[121]  Chandan Singh,et al.  A Technique for Segmentation of Gurmukhi Text , 2001, CAIP.

[122]  B. L. Deekshatulu,et al.  Recognition of Printed Telugu Characters , 1977 .

[123]  Ching Y. Suen,et al.  A fast parallel algorithm for thinning digital patterns , 1984, CACM.

[124]  R. Leardi,et al.  Genetic Algorithms in Feature Selection , 1996 .

[125]  Seong-Whan Lee,et al.  A New Methodology for Gray-Scale Character Segmentation and Recognition , 1996, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[126]  Veena Bansal,et al.  Segmentation of touching and fused Devanagari characters , 2002, Pattern Recognit..

[127]  Bidyut Baran Chaudhuri,et al.  Automatic separation of machine-printed and hand-written text lines , 1999, Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition. ICDAR '99 (Cat. No.PR00318).

[128]  Adnan Amin,et al.  Recognition of printed arabic text based on global features and decision tree learning techniques , 2000, Pattern Recognit..