Systems Engineering in the Fourth Industrial Revolution

a accident 14, 63, 383, 384, 388, 391, 396, 398, 401–404, 406, 407, 468, 476 accountability bias 407 activity tracker 408 adaptivity 402 additive manufacturing (AM) 273–316, 326, 502, 504, 506 adjustability dilemma 403 adjustment 39, 178, 292, 307, 310, 403, 499, 500, 528 adoption 177, 257, 265, 273, 278, 285, 303, 351, 433, 485, 489–490, 574–580 advanced manufacturing 1, 4, 6–8, 149, 150, 321–336, 341, 342, 537–551 advanced persistent threats (APT) 421 agile development 323, 380, 402, 466, 478 system thinking 380 agile software development (ASD) 77, 78, 262 aging and obsolences 580–581 air traffic controller (ATCO) 475 Akaike information criterion (AIC) 361 alarm threshold 403, 407 American iron and steel institute (AISI) 298 American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) 274, 283 analysis of variance (ANOVA) 547 analytics 17, 69, 321, 323, 325, 326–333, 335, 343, 379 application program interface (API) 118, 259, 267 applied systems thinking 2, 15–17, 22–29, 41, 85–91 architectural technical debt (ATD) 77–101 architecture significant requirements (ASR) 122 architecture tradeoff and analysis method (ATAM) 80, 123 artificial intelligence (AI) 1, 13, 21, 49, 138, 141, 185, 209, 324, 325, 439, 445, 461, 466, 538 artificial neural network (ANN) 209, 348 augmented reality (AR) 161, 163, 164, 166, 191–197 automated process 391 automatic shutdown 397