Evaluation of the Iconic Pain Assessment Tool by a heterogeneous group of people in pain.

The Iconic Pain Assessment Tool (IPAT) is a novel web-based instrument for the self-report of pain quality, intensity and location in the form of a permanent diary. Originally designed for people with central poststroke pain, the tool is being adapted for a larger, more diverse patient population. The present study aimed to collect evaluative feedback on the IPAT from a heterogeneous sample of individuals with chronic pain. The specific study aims were to evaluate participant comfort with the tool including enjoyment, ease of use and comfort with the electronic medium; to assess perceived value of the tool for communicating pain quality, intensity and location; to gauge participant intent to share their pain diaries with others and use the tool on a regular basis to track their pain over time; to assess the perceived descriptiveness of current IPAT icons and the numerical rating scale; and to identify strengths and weaknesses of the tool to refine the existing prototype. Written and verbal feedback from individuals with a variety of chronic pain conditions (n=23) were collected in the context of these objectives. Overall, the IPAT was positively endorsed by this heterogeneous sample of people in pain. The authors concluded that the IPAT is a user-friendly instrument that has the potential to help people express, document and share their personal experience with chronic pain.

[1]  S. Shiffman,et al.  Ecological momentary assessment. , 2008, Annual review of clinical psychology.

[2]  Richard E. White,et al.  Developing patient-reported outcome measures for pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations , 2006, Pain.

[3]  Ronald Melzack,et al.  Handbook of pain assessment , 1992 .

[4]  Gregory A. Aarons,et al.  Clinicians and outcome measurement: What's the use? , 2003, The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research.

[5]  M. Jensen,et al.  What is the maximum number of levels needed in pain intensity measurement? , 1994, Pain.

[6]  D. Wong,et al.  Pain in children: comparison of assessment scales. , 1988, The Oklahoma nurse.

[7]  S. Meldrum Progress in Ambulatory Assessment: Computer Assisted Psychological and Psychophysiological Methods in Monitoring and Field Studies , 2002 .

[8]  Patrick J. McGrath,et al.  Construct validity of a multidimensional electronic pain diary for adolescents with arthritis , 2008, PAIN.

[9]  T. Csordas Embodiment and Experience: The Existential Ground of Culture and Self , 1995 .

[10]  C. Cleeland,et al.  Development of the Wisconsin Brief Pain Questionnaire to assess pain in cancer and other diseases , 1983, Pain.

[11]  M. Swanston,et al.  Pain assessment with interactive computer animation , 1993, Pain.

[12]  Jennifer N Stinson,et al.  e-Ouch: Usability Testing of an Electronic Chronic Pain Diary for Adolescents With Arthritis , 2006, The Clinical journal of pain.

[13]  Hans-Bernd Bludau,et al.  A computer-based information-tool for chronic pain patients. Computerized information to support the process of shared decision-making. , 2006, Patient education and counseling.

[14]  H. Hazuda,et al.  A method for scoring the pain map of the McGill pain questionnaire for use in epidemiologic studies , 1995, Aging.

[15]  J. Stinson,et al.  Systematic review of the psychometric properties, interpretability and feasibility of self-report pain intensity measures for use in clinical trials in children and adolescents , 2006, Pain.

[16]  R. B. Margolis,et al.  A rating system for use with patient pain drawings , 1986, Pain.

[17]  J. Farrar,et al.  Core outcome domains for chronic pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations , 2003, Pain.

[18]  J. Bensing,et al.  Compliance with momentary pain measurement using electronic diaries: A systematic review , 2009, European journal of pain.

[19]  Paul Karoly,et al.  Self-report scales and procedures for assessing pain in adults , 1992 .

[20]  Gilbert J Fanciullo,et al.  Computerized dynamic assessment of pain: comparison of chronic pain patients and healthy controls. , 2004, Pain medicine.

[21]  J. Bensing,et al.  Electronic diary assessment of pain, disability and psychological adaptation in patients differing in duration of pain , 2000, PAIN®.

[22]  R. Reeve,et al.  The faces pain scale for the self-assessment of the severity of pain experienced by children: Development, initial validation, and preliminary investigation for ratio scale properties , 1990, Pain.

[23]  S. Shiffman,et al.  Patient compliance with paper and electronic diaries. , 2003, Controlled clinical trials.

[24]  K. Craig The social communication model of pain. , 2009 .

[25]  M. Speechley,et al.  Chronic pain in Canada--prevalence, treatment, impact and the role of opioid analgesia. , 2002, Pain research & management.

[26]  C. Lalloo,et al.  Central poststroke pain: an abstruse outcome. , 2008, Pain research & management.

[27]  Colin Beardon Research into iconic communication at the University of Brighton , 2004, Artificial Intelligence Review.

[28]  E. Waclawski Health Measurement Scales—A Practical Guide to Their Development and Use , 2010 .

[29]  Julius Sim,et al.  Interrater Reliability of Scoring of Pain Drawings in a Self-Report Health Survey , 2005, Spine.

[30]  Ronald Melzack,et al.  The short-form McGill pain questionnaire , 1987, Pain.

[31]  Verbal pain descriptors used by patients with arthritis. , 1985, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[32]  Y. MacNab,et al.  Does routine pain assessment result in better care? , 2009, Pain research & management.

[33]  E. Murray,et al.  Interactive Health Communication Applications for people with chronic disease. , 2005, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[34]  J. Farrar,et al.  Core outcome measures for chronic pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations , 2003, Pain.

[35]  R. Melzack,et al.  Development and initial validation of an expanded and revised version of the Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ-2) , 2009, PAIN®.

[36]  Joseph E. Schwartz,et al.  Intensive momentary reporting of pain with an electronic diary: reactivity, compliance, and patient satisfaction , 2003, Pain.

[37]  B. Collett,et al.  Survey of chronic pain in Europe: Prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment , 2006, European journal of pain.

[38]  R. Melzack The McGill Pain Questionnaire: Major properties and scoring methods , 1975, PAIN.

[39]  M. Jensen,et al.  Validation of the Brief Pain Inventory for chronic nonmalignant pain. , 2004, The journal of pain : official journal of the American Pain Society.

[40]  Elizabeth Murray,et al.  Interactive Health Communication Applications for people with chronic disease. , 2005, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[41]  J. Jenkinson,et al.  The Iconic Pain Assessment Tool: Facilitating the Translation of Pain Sensations and Improving Patient-Physician Dialogue , 2008 .

[42]  W. Torgerson,et al.  On the Language of Pain , 1971, Anesthesiology.

[43]  Eun Joo Kim,et al.  Reliability and validity of the Faces Pain Scale with older adults. , 2006, International journal of nursing studies.