Enabling Flexibility in Process-Aware Information Systems

Traditionally, process-ware information systems (PAISs) have focused on the support of predictable and repetitive business processes. Even though respective processes are suited to be fully pre-specified in a process model, flexibility is required to support dynamic process adaptations in case of exceptions. Flexibility is also needed to accommodate the need for evolving business processes and to cope with business process variability. Furthermore, PAISs are increasingly used to support less structured processes which can often be characterized as knowledgeintensive. Processes of this category are neither fully predictable nor repetitive, and therefore cannot be fully pre-specified at build-time. The (partial) unpredictability of these processes also demands a certain amount of looseness. This chapter deals with the flexibility needs of both pre-specified and loosely-specified processes and elicitates requirements for flexible process support in a PAIS. In addition, the chapter discusses PAIS features needed to accommodate flexibility needs in practice like, for example, traceability, business compliance and user support.

[1]  Ansgar Bernardi,et al.  FRODO: A framework for distributed organizational memories , 2001 .

[2]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Workflow Verification: Finding Control-Flow Errors Using Petri-Net-Based Techniques , 2000, Business Process Management.

[3]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Workflow management versus case handling: results from a controlled software experiment , 2008, SAC '08.

[4]  Don S. Batory,et al.  Feature Models, Grammars, and Propositional Formulas , 2005, SPLC.

[5]  Peter G. Kropf,et al.  A Workflow-Oriented System Architecture for the Management of Container Transportation , 2004, Business Process Management.

[6]  Itp Irene Vanderfeesten.  Product-based design and support of workflow processes , 2009 .

[7]  Boudewijn F. van Dongen,et al.  Process Mining and Verification of Properties: An Approach Based on Temporal Logic , 2005, OTM Conferences.

[8]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  The Minadept Clustering Approach for Discovering Reference Process Models Out of Process Variants , 2010, Int. J. Cooperative Inf. Syst..

[9]  Vera Künzle,et al.  Towards Object-aware Process Support in Healthcare Information Systems , 2012, eTELEMED 2012.

[10]  Shazia Wasim Sadiq,et al.  Compliance checking between business processes and business contracts , 2006, 2006 10th IEEE International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference (EDOC'06).

[11]  Erik P. de Vink,et al.  Time and Data-Aware Analysis of Graphical Service Models in Reo , 2010, 2010 8th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Formal Methods.

[12]  Jan Mendling,et al.  Preserving correctness during business process model configuration , 2010, Formal Aspects of Computing.

[13]  Birgit Pfitzmann,et al.  From Regulatory Policies to Event Monitoring Rules: Towards Model-Driven Compliance Automation , 2006 .

[14]  Remco M. Dijkman,et al.  Similarity Search of Business Process Models , 2009, IEEE Data Eng. Bull..

[15]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Dealing with forward and backward jumps in workflow management systems , 2003, Software and Systems Modeling.

[16]  Rüdiger Zarnekow,et al.  ITIL as common practice reference model for IT service management: formal assessment and implications for practice , 2005, 2005 IEEE International Conference on e-Technology, e-Commerce and e-Service.

[17]  Patrick Delfmann,et al.  Adaptive Reference Modeling: Integrating Configurative and Generic Adaptation Techniques for Information Models , 2007 .

[18]  Stefanie Rinderle-Ma,et al.  Comprehensive life cycle support for access rules in information systems: the CEOSIS project , 2009, Enterp. Inf. Syst..

[19]  Taiichi Ohno,et al.  The Toyota Production System , 1984 .

[20]  Kamal Bhattacharya,et al.  Modeling Business Contexture and Behavior Using Business Artifacts , 2007, CAiSE.

[21]  Diane M. Strong,et al.  Exceptions and exception handling in computerized information processes , 1995, TOIS.

[22]  Gustavo Alonso,et al.  Web Services , 2004, Data-Centric Systems and Applications.

[23]  Boudewijn F. van Dongen,et al.  Supporting Flexible Processes through Recommendations Based on History , 2008, BPM.

[24]  Marian Petre,et al.  Usability Analysis of Visual Programming Environments: A 'Cognitive Dimensions' Framework , 1996, J. Vis. Lang. Comput..

[25]  Ralph Bergmann,et al.  Representation and Structure-Based Similarity Assessment for Agile Workflows , 2007, LWA.

[26]  van der Wmp Wil Aalst,et al.  Dealing with workflow change: identification of issues and solutions , 2000 .

[27]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Extending a Business Process Modeling Tool With Process Configuration Facilities: The Provop Demonstrator , 2009, BPM.

[28]  Daniela Luengo,et al.  Applying Clustering in Process Mining to Find Different Versions of a Business Process That Changes over Time , 2011, Business Process Management Workshops.

[29]  Stefanie Rinderle-Ma,et al.  Relaxed Compliance Notions in Adaptive Process Management Systems , 2008, ER.

[30]  Stefanie Rinderle-Ma,et al.  Data-Driven Process Control and Exception Handling in Process Management Systems , 2006, CAiSE.

[31]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Capturing variability in business process models: the Provop approach , 2010 .

[32]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  IT Support for Release Management Processes in the Automotive Industry , 2006, Business Process Management.

[33]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  ADEPTworkflow - Advanced Workflow Technology for the EfficientSupport of Adaptive, Enterprise-wide Processes , 2000 .

[34]  Stefanie Rinderle-Ma,et al.  Advanced Migration Strategies for Adaptive Process Management Systems , 2010, 2010 IEEE 12th Conference on Commerce and Enterprise Computing.

[35]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Diagnosing Workflow Processes using Woflan , 2001, Comput. J..

[36]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Workflow Patterns , 2003, Distributed and Parallel Databases.

[37]  Ying Liu,et al.  A static compliance-checking framework for business process models , 2007, IBM Syst. J..

[38]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  What are the Problem Makers: Ranking Activities According to their Relevance for Process Changes , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Web Services.

[39]  Robert Müller,et al.  Event oriented dynamic adaption of workflows: model, architecture, and implementation , 2003 .

[40]  Peter Dadam,et al.  Evaluation of Correctness Criteria for Dynamic Workflow Changes , 2003, Business Process Management.

[41]  Chen Li,et al.  Mining Process Model Variants: Challenges, Techniques, Examples , 2010 .

[42]  Marco Montali.  Specification and Verification of Declarative Open Interaction Models: A Logic-Based Approach , 2010 .

[43]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Mining Based on Learning from Process Change Logs , 2008, Business Process Management Workshops.

[44]  K. H. Bennett,et al.  Journal of software maintenance : research and practice , 1989 .

[45]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Process-Aware Information Systems , 2012 .

[46]  Justus Klingemann,et al.  Controlled Flexibility in Workflow Management , 2000, CAiSE.

[47]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Enterprise-Wide and Cross-Enterprise Workflow-Management: Challenges and Research Issues for Adaptive Workflows , 1999, Enterprise-wide and Cross-enterprise Workflow Management.

[48]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  The Proviado Access Control Model for Business Process Monitoring Components , 2010, Enterp. Model. Inf. Syst. Archit. Int. J. Concept. Model..

[49]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Proviado - Personalized and Configurable Visualizations of Business Processes , 2006, EC-Web.

[50]  Stefanie Rinderle-Ma,et al.  Schema Evolution in Process Management Systems , 2004, Encyclopedia of Database Systems.

[51]  Anne H. H. Ngu,et al.  Dynamic composition and optimization of Web services , 2008, Distributed and Parallel Databases.

[52]  E. Rahm,et al.  Dealing with Logical Failures for Collaborating Workflows , 2000, CoopIS.

[53]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Configuration and Management of Process Variants , 2010, BPM 2010.

[54]  Ruth Breu,et al.  CBRFlow: Enabling Adaptive Workflow Management Through Conversational Case-Based Reasoning , 2004, ECCBR.

[55]  Barbara Weber,et al.  The Impact of Testcases on the Maintainability of Declarative Process Models , 2011, BMMDS/EMMSAD.

[56]  Jan Mendling,et al.  Recognising Activity Labeling Styles in Business Process Models , 2011, Enterp. Model. Inf. Syst. Archit. Int. J. Concept. Model..

[57]  Morad Benyoucef,et al.  Série Scientifique Scientific Series Addressing Dynamism in E- Negotiations by Workflow Management Systems Addressing Dynamism in E-negotiations by Workflow Management Systems , 2022 .

[58]  Stefanie Rinderle-Ma,et al.  On the Formal Semantics of Change Patterns in Process-Aware Information Systems , 2008, ER.

[59]  Jan Mendling,et al.  Beyond Control-Flow: Extending Business Process Configuration to Roles and Objects , 2007, ER.

[60]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Towards a Workflow Language for Software Engineering , 2011 .

[61]  Moe Thandar Wynn,et al.  Business process verification - finally a reality! , 2009, Bus. Process. Manag. J..

[62]  Nereu F. Kock,et al.  Product flow, breadth and complexity of business processes: An empirical study of 15 business processes in three organizations , 1996 .

[63]  Michael Hammer,et al.  The Reengineering Revolution - the Handbook , 1995 .

[64]  Peter Dadam,et al.  Disjoint and Overlapping Process Changes: Challenges, Solutions, Applications , 2004, CoopIS/DOA/ODBASE.

[65]  Stefanie Rinderle-Ma,et al.  Change patterns and change support features - Enhancing flexibility in process-aware information systems , 2008, Data Knowl. Eng..

[66]  Evelina Lamma,et al.  Expressing and Verifying Business Contracts with Abductive Logic Programming , 2008, Normative Multi-agent Systems.

[67]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Discovering Reference Process Models by Mining Process Variants , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Conference on Web Services.

[68]  Barbara Weber,et al.  Alaska Simulator Toolset for Conducting Controlled Experiments on Process Flexibility , 2010, CAiSE Forum.

[69]  Maria E. Orlowska,et al.  Managing Change and Time in Dynamic Workflow Processes , 2000, Int. J. Cooperative Inf. Syst..

[70]  Stefanie Rinderle-Ma,et al.  Balancing Flexibility and Security in Adaptive Process Management Systems , 2005, OTM Conferences.

[71]  Michael Rosemann,et al.  Process Management: A Guide for the Design of Business Processes , 2011 .

[72]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Semantic Workflow Adaption in Support of Workflow Diversity , 2010 .

[73]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  COREPROSim: A Tool for Modeling, Simulating and Adapting Data-Driven Process Structures , 2008, BPM.

[74]  Peter Dadam,et al.  On enabling integrated process compliance with semantic constraints in process management systems , 2012, Inf. Syst. Frontiers.

[75]  Vera Künzle,et al.  Towards Object-Aware Process Management Systems: Issues, Challenges, Benefits , 2009, BMMDS/EMMSAD.

[76]  Shazia Wasim Sadiq,et al.  Managing Process Variants as an Information Resource , 2006, Business Process Management.

[77]  Boudewijn F. van Dongen,et al.  Multi-phase Process Mining: Building Instance Graphs , 2004, ER.

[78]  Vera Künzle,et al.  Striving for Object-Aware Process Support: How Existing Approaches Fit Together , 2011, SIMPDA.

[79]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Data-Flow Anti-patterns: Discovering Data-Flow Errors in Workflows , 2009, CAiSE.

[80]  Edsger W. Dijkstra,et al.  Chapter I: Notes on structured programming , 1972 .

[81]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Workflow Support Using Proclets: Divide, Interact, and Conquer , 2009, IEEE Data Eng. Bull..

[82]  Saharon Shelah,et al.  On the temporal analysis of fairness , 1980, POPL '80.

[83]  Gustavo Alonso,et al.  Exception Handling in Workflow Management Systems , 2000, IEEE Trans. Software Eng..

[84]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  ADEPT Workflow Management System: Flexible Support for Enterprise-Wide Business Processes - Tool Presentation - , 2003 .

[85]  Pierre-Yves Schobbens,et al.  Feature Diagrams: A Survey and a Formal Semantics , 2006, 14th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE'06).

[86]  Remco M. Dijkman,et al.  Identifying refactoring opportunities in process model repositories , 2011, Inf. Softw. Technol..

[87]  Jacques Wainer,et al.  Tucupi: a flexible workflow system based on overridable constraints , 2004, SAC '04.

[88]  Stefanie Rinderle-Ma,et al.  Integrating Process Learning and Process Evolution - A Semantics Based Approach , 2005, Business Process Management.

[89]  Gil Regev,et al.  Taxonomy of Flexibility in Business Processes , 2006, BPMDS.

[90]  Hajo A. Reijers,et al.  Product-Based Workflow Design , 2003, J. Manag. Inf. Syst..

[91]  George S. Avrunin,et al.  Property specification patterns for finite-state verification , 1998, FMSP '98.

[92]  Mary Poppendieck,et al.  Implementing Lean Software Development: From Concept to Cash (The Addison-Wesley Signature Series) , 2006 .

[93]  Peter Dadam,et al.  Enabling Adaptive Process-Aware Information Systems with ADEPT2 , 2008, Handbook of Research on Business Process Modeling.

[94]  Stefanie Rinderle-Ma,et al.  A Formal Framework for Adaptive Access Control Models , 2007, J. Data Semant..

[95]  Hajo A. Reijers,et al.  The Declarative Approach to Business Process Execution: An Empirical Test , 2009, CAiSE.

[96]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  On Measuring Process Model Similarity Based on High-Level Change Operations , 2007, ER.

[97]  Jana Koehler,et al.  The refined process structure tree , 2008, Data Knowl. Eng..

[98]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Enabling personalized visualization of large business processes through parameterizable views , 2012, SAC '12.

[99]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Flexibility of Data-Driven Process Structures , 2006, Business Process Management Workshops.

[100]  Peter Dadam,et al.  Monitoring Business Process Compliance Using Compliance Rule Graphs , 2011, OTM Conferences.

[101]  Agnar Aamodt,et al.  Case-Based Reasoning: Foundational Issues, Methodological Variations, and System Approaches , 1994, AI Commun..

[102]  Peter Dadam,et al.  Adaptive process management with ADEPT2 , 2005, 21st International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE'05).

[103]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Workflow Exception Patterns , 2006, CAiSE.

[104]  Florian Gottschalk,et al.  Configurable process models , 2009 .

[105]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Configurable Process Models: Experiences from a Municipality Case Study , 2009, CAiSE.

[106]  James A. Hendler,et al.  HTN planning for Web Service composition using SHOP2 , 2004, J. Web Semant..

[107]  Amit P. Sheth,et al.  IntelliGEN: A Distributed Workflow System for Discovering Protein-Protein Interactions , 2004, Distributed and Parallel Databases.

[108]  Boudewijn F. van Dongen,et al.  Workflow mining: A survey of issues and approaches , 2003, Data Knowl. Eng..

[109]  Peter Dadam,et al.  Architectural Principles and Components of Adaptive Process Management Technology , 2009, PRIMIUM.

[110]  Marlon Dumas,et al.  A flexible, object-centric approach for business process modelling , 2010, Service Oriented Computing and Applications.

[111]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Correctness Ensuring Process Configuration: An Approach Based on Partner Synthesis , 2010, BPM.

[112]  Peter Dadam,et al.  On Representing Instance Changes in Adaptive Process Management Systems , 2006, 15th IEEE International Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WETICE'06).

[113]  Fabio Casati,et al.  Specification and implementation of exceptions in workflow management systems , 1999, TODS.

[114]  Stefanie Rinderle-Ma,et al.  CCBR-Driven Business Process Evolution , 2005, ICCBR.

[115]  Andreas Reuter,et al.  Transaction Processing: Concepts and Techniques , 1992 .

[116]  Thomas R. G. Green,et al.  Cognitive dimensions of notations , 1990 .

[117]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Enabling Adaptive Process-aware Information Systems with ADEPT2 , 2008 .

[118]  P. Weiss,et al.  Support of cooperative work by electronic circulation folders , 1990 .

[119]  Patricia Malone,et al.  Mastering the Unpredictable: How Adaptive Case Management Will Revolutionize the Way That Knowledge Workers Get Things Done , 2011 .

[120]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Deadline-based escalation in process-aware information systems , 2007, Decis. Support Syst..

[121]  Paul Dourish,et al.  Freeflow: mediating between representation and action in workflow systems , 1996, CSCW '96.

[122]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Case-Base Maintenance for CCBR-Based Process Evolution , 2006, ECCBR.

[123]  Hajo A. Reijers,et al.  The effectiveness of workflow management systems: Predictions and lessons learned , 2005, Int. J. Inf. Manag..

[124]  Walter Rupietta,et al.  WorkParty - Business Processes and Workflow Management , 2006, Handbook on Architectures of Information Systems.

[125]  Rajeev Rastogi,et al.  ConTracts - A Low-Level Mechanism for Building General-Purpose Workflow Management-Systems. , 1995 .

[126]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Intra-Subnet Load Balancing in Distributed Workflow Management Systems , 2003, Int. J. Cooperative Inf. Syst..

[127]  Stefanie Rinderle-Ma,et al.  On Deriving Net Change Information From Change Logs - The DELTALAYER-Algorithm , 2007, BTW.

[128]  Carlos Maltzahn,et al.  The Chautauqua workflow system , 1997, Proceedings of the Thirtieth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

[129]  Mor Peleg,et al.  A Formal Model for Process Context Learning , 2009, Business Process Management Workshops.

[130]  Nenad Stojanovic,et al.  Pattern-Based Design and Validation of Business Process Compliance , 2007, OTM Conferences.

[131]  Tom Mens,et al.  A survey of software refactoring , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering.

[132]  Ralph Bergmann,et al.  Towards Case-Based Adaptation of Workflows , 2010, ICCBR.

[133]  Peter Dadam,et al.  On Dealing with Structural Conflicts between Process Type and Instance Changes , 2004, Business Process Management.

[134]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Configurable Workflow Models , 2008, Int. J. Cooperative Inf. Syst..

[135]  van der Wmp Wil Aalst,et al.  Dynamic and extensible exception handling for workflows : a service-oriented implementation , 2007 .

[136]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  IT support for healthcare processes - premises, challenges, perspectives , 2007, Data Knowl. Eng..

[137]  Johann Eder,et al.  Temporal Conformance of Federated Choreographies , 2008, DEXA.

[138]  Peter Dadam,et al.  Integration and verification of semantic constraints in adaptive process management systems , 2008, Data Knowl. Eng..

[139]  Mathias Weske,et al.  Automated Service Composition Using Heuristic Search , 2006, Business Process Management.

[140]  Peter Dadam,et al.  Mining Staff Assignment Rules from Event-Based Data , 2005, Business Process Management Workshops.

[141]  Vera Künzle,et al.  Object-Aware Business Processes: Fundamental Requirements and their Support in Existing Approaches , 2011, Int. J. Inf. Syst. Model. Des..

[142]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  A configurable reference modelling language , 2007, Inf. Syst..

[143]  Frank Puhlmann,et al.  Soundness Verification of Business Processes Specified in the Pi-Calculus , 2007, OTM Conferences.

[144]  Xiaomeng Su,et al.  A Survey of Automated Web Service Composition Methods , 2004, SWSWPC.

[145]  Alexander Tartakovski,et al.  Agile Workflow Technology and Case-Based Change Reuse for Long-Term Processes , 2008, Int. J. Intell. Inf. Technol..

[146]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  What BPM Technology Can Do for Healthcare Process Support , 2011, AIME.

[147]  M Maja Pesic,et al.  Constraint-based workflow management systems : shifting control to users , 2008 .

[148]  Peter Dadam,et al.  Design and Verification of Instantiable Compliance Rule Graphs in Process-Aware Information Systems , 2010, CAiSE.

[149]  Peter Dadam,et al.  Flexible Support of Team Processes by Adaptive Workflow Systems , 2004, Distributed and Parallel Databases.

[150]  Marcello La Rosa,et al.  Managing variability in process-aware information systems , 2009 .

[151]  Maria E. Orlowska,et al.  When workflows will not deliver: The case of contradicting work practice , 2005 .

[152]  Luciano Lavagno,et al.  Deriving Petri Nets for Finite Transition Systems , 1998, IEEE Trans. Computers.

[153]  Mathias Weske,et al.  Flexible modeling and execution of workflow activities , 1998, Proceedings of the Thirty-First Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

[154]  Andreas Wombacher,et al.  Evolution of Process Choreographies in DYCHOR , 2006, OTM Conferences.

[155]  Mathias Weske,et al.  Case handling: a new paradigm for business process support , 2005, Data Knowl. Eng..

[156]  Ralph Bergmann,et al.  Structural Adaptation of Workflows Supported by a Suspension Mechanism stand by Case-Based Reasoning , 2007, 16th IEEE International Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WETICE 2007).

[157]  Peter Dadam,et al.  Dynamische Ablaufänderungen in Workflow-Management-Systemen , 2000 .

[158]  Andreas Geppert,et al.  Dynamic workflow schema evolution based on workflow type versioning and workflow migration , 1999, Proceedings Fourth IFCIS International Conference on Cooperative Information Systems. CoopIS 99 (Cat. No.PR00384).

[159]  Franz Schober,et al.  Information System Flexibility and the Cost Efficiency of Business Processes , 2006, J. Assoc. Inf. Syst..

[160]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Unleashing the Effectiveness of Process-Oriented Information Systems: Problem Analysis, Critical Success Factors, and Implications , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews).

[161]  David W. Aha,et al.  Introduction: Interactive Case-Based Reasoning , 2001, Applied Intelligence.

[162]  Marlon Dumas,et al.  Transforming Object-Oriented Models to Process-Oriented Models , 2007, Business Process Management Workshops.

[163]  Tom Mens,et al.  A Taxonomy of Model Transformation , 2006, GRaMoT@GPCE.

[164]  Fabio Casati,et al.  Workflow Evolution , 1996, ER.

[165]  Iris Reinhartz-Berger,et al.  Extending the Adaptability of Reference Models , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans.

[166]  Richard Hull,et al.  Business Artifacts: A Data-centric Approach to Modeling Business Operations and Processes , 2009, IEEE Data Eng. Bull..

[167]  Paola Mello,et al.  Declarative specification and verification of service choreographiess , 2010, TWEB.

[168]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Identifying Commonalities and Differences in Object Life Cycles Using Behavioral Inheritance , 2001, ICATPN.

[169]  Pnina Soffer,et al.  Mirror, Mirror on the Wall, Can I Count on You at All? Exploring Data Inaccuracy in Business Processes , 2010, BMMDS/EMMSAD.

[170]  Erhard Rahm,et al.  AGENTWORK: a workflow system supporting rule-based workflow adaptation , 2004, Data Knowl. Eng..

[171]  Christoph Bussler,et al.  On Structured Workflow Modelling , 2000, CAiSE.

[172]  António Rito Silva,et al.  Authorization and Access Control in Adaptive Workflows , 2003, ESORICS.

[173]  Boudewijn F. van Dongen,et al.  Verification of EPCs: Using Reduction Rules and Petri Nets , 2005, CAiSE.

[174]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Conformance checking of processes based on monitoring real behavior , 2008, Inf. Syst..

[175]  Dov Dori,et al.  A methodology for eliciting and modeling exceptions , 2009, J. Biomed. Informatics.

[176]  Fabio Casati,et al.  Dynamic and adaptive composition of e-services , 2001, Inf. Syst..

[177]  Stefanie Rinderle-Ma,et al.  Change Patterns and Change Support Features in Process-Aware Information Systems , 2007, Seminal Contributions to Information Systems Engineering.

[178]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Questionnaire-based variability modeling for system configuration , 2009, Software & Systems Modeling.

[179]  Aditya K. Ghose,et al.  Auditing Business Process Compliance , 2007, ICSOC.

[180]  Maria Luisa Villani,et al.  A framework for QoS-aware binding and re-binding of composite web services , 2008, J. Syst. Softw..

[181]  Leon J. Osterweil,et al.  Exception Handling Patterns for Process Modeling , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering.

[182]  Mykola Pechenizkiy,et al.  Handling Concept Drift in Process Mining , 2011, CAiSE.

[183]  Hajo A. Reijers,et al.  Advanced Social Features in a Recommendation System for Process Modeling , 2009, BIS.

[184]  Vera Künzle,et al.  Integrating Users in Object-Aware Process Management Systems: Issues and Challenges , 2009, Business Process Management Workshops.

[185]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Guaranteeing Soundness of Configurable Process Variants in Provop , 2009, 2009 IEEE Conference on Commerce and Enterprise Computing.

[186]  Jan Mendling,et al.  From business process models to process-oriented software systems , 2009, TSEM.

[187]  Vera Künzle,et al.  PHILharmonicFlows: towards a framework for object-aware process management , 2011, J. Softw. Maintenance Res. Pract..

[188]  Alena Hallerbach,et al.  Management von Prozessvarianten , 2010 .

[189]  Marco Montali,et al.  Monitoring Business Constraints with Linear Temporal Logic: An Approach Based on Colored Automata , 2011, BPM.

[190]  Michel Léonard,et al.  Management Of Schema Evolution In Databases , 1991, VLDB.

[191]  Ricardo Seguel,et al.  Process Mining Manifesto , 2011, Business Process Management Workshops.

[192]  Hajo A. Reijers,et al.  Product-based workflow support , 2011, Inf. Syst..

[193]  Maria E. Orlowska,et al.  On Capturing Exceptions in Workflow Process Models , 2000 .

[194]  Steve Guerin.  Organizing Business Knowledge: The MIT Process Handbook , 2005 .

[195]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Semantically-Driven Workflow Generation Using Declarative Modeling for Processes in Software Engineering , 2011, 2011 IEEE 15th International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference Workshops.

[196]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Towards comprehensive support for organizational mining , 2008, Decis. Support Syst..

[197]  Peter Dadam,et al.  On the Common Support of Workflow Type and Instance Changes under Correctness Constraints , 2003, OTM.

[198]  Dickson K. W. Chiu,et al.  Web Interface-Driven Cooperative Exception Handling in Adome Workflow Management System , 2001, Inf. Syst..

[199]  Amit P. Sheth,et al.  Exception Handling in Workflow Systems , 2004, Applied Intelligence.

[200]  Iris Reinhartz-Berger,et al.  Organisational reference models: supporting an adequate design of local business processes , 2009, Int. J. Bus. Process. Integr. Manag..

[201]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Flexibility in Process-Aware Information Systems , 2009, Trans. Petri Nets Other Model. Concurr..

[202]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Constraint-Based Workflow Models: Change Made Easy , 2007, OTM Conferences.

[203]  Andreas Wombacher,et al.  On the Controlled Evolution of Process Choreographies , 2005, 22nd International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE'06).

[204]  Massimiliano de Leoni,et al.  Adaptive Process Management in Highly Dynamic and Pervasive Scenarios , 2009, YR-SOC.

[205]  Nathaniel Palmer,et al.  Workflow Management , 2009, Encyclopedia of Database Systems.

[206]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Investigating the effort of using business process management technology: Results from a controlled experiment , 2010, Sci. Comput. Program..

[207]  Jan Mendling,et al.  Imperative versus Declarative Process Modeling Languages: An Empirical Investigation , 2011, Business Process Management Workshops.

[208]  Hajo A. Reijers,et al.  The Case Handling Case , 2003, Int. J. Cooperative Inf. Syst..

[209]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Data-Driven Design of Engineering Processes with COREPROModeler , 2007, 16th IEEE International Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WETICE 2007).

[210]  Maria E. Orlowska,et al.  Pockets of Flexibility in Workflow Specification , 2001, ER.

[211]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Towards Automatic Process-aware Coordination in Collaborative Software Engineering , 2011, ICSOFT.

[212]  Guido Governatori,et al.  Compliance aware business process design , 2008 .

[213]  Peter Dadam,et al.  Guarded Process Spaces (GPS): A Navigation System towards Creation and Dynamic Change of Healthcare Processes from the End-User's Perspective , 2011, Business Process Management Workshops.

[214]  Schahram Dustdar,et al.  VIDRE--A Distributed Service-Oriented Business Rule Engine based on RuleML , 2006, 2006 10th IEEE International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference (EDOC'06).

[215]  N. Nayab.  Kaizen: The key to Japan‚s competitive success , 2009 .

[216]  Schahram Dustdar,et al.  A Lightweight Model-Driven Orchestration Engine for e-Services , 2005, TES.

[217]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Supporting Flexible Processes with Adaptive Work?ow and Case Handling , 2008, 2008 IEEE 17th Workshop on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises.

[218]  Jana Koehler,et al.  The refined process structure tree , 2009, Data Knowl. Eng..

[219]  Marek Kowalkiewicz,et al.  Weak Dependencies in Business Process Models , 2008, BIS.

[220]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Rediscovering workflow models from event-based data using little thumb , 2003, Integr. Comput. Aided Eng..

[221]  Patrick McDermott,et al.  Workflow Modeling: Tools for Process Improvement and Application Development , 2001 .

[222]  Remco M. Dijkman,et al.  Similarity of business process models: Metrics and evaluation , 2011, Inf. Syst..

[223]  Ursula Goltz,et al.  Refinement of actions and equivalence notions for concurrent systems , 2001, Acta Informatica.

[224]  Fabio Casati,et al.  Business Process Intelligence , 2018, Encyclopedia of Social Network Analysis and Mining. 2nd Ed..

[225]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Context-based Configuration of Process Variants , 2008 .

[226]  Peter Dadam,et al.  ADEPT Workflow Management System: , 2003, Business Process Management.

[227]  Stefanie Rinderle-Ma,et al.  On Representing, Purging, and Utilizing Change Logs in Process Management Systems , 2006, Business Process Management.

[228]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Change Mining in Adaptive Process Management Systems , 2006, OTM Conferences.

[229]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Merging Event-Driven Process Chains , 2008, OTM Conferences.

[230]  Niels Lohmann,et al.  Compact Representations and Efficient Algorithms for Operating Guidelines , 2011, Fundam. Informaticae.

[231]  Peter Dadam,et al.  SeaFlows Toolset - Compliance Verification Made Easy for Process-Aware Information Systems , 2010, CAiSE Forum.

[232]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Supporting Adaptive Workflows in Advanced Application Environments , 1998 .

[233]  Dirk Fahland,et al.  Towards Process Models for Disaster Response , 2008, Business Process Management Workshops.

[234]  Mathias Weske,et al.  Specification, Verification and Explanation of Violation for Data Aware Compliance Rules , 2009, ICSOC/ServiceWave.

[235]  Remco M. Dijkman,et al.  Measuring Similarity between Business Process Models , 2008, CAiSE.

[236]  Volker Gruhn,et al.  The FUNSOFT Net Approach to Software Process Management , 1994, Int. J. Softw. Eng. Knowl. Eng..

[237]  Jan Mendling,et al.  Seven process modeling guidelines (7PMG) , 2010, Inf. Softw. Technol..

[238]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  The ADEPT project: a decade of research and development for robust and flexible process support , 2009, Computer Science - Research and Development.

[239]  A. Elmagarmid.  Database transaction models for advanced applications , 1992 .

[240]  Francisco Curbera,et al.  Web Services Business Process Execution Language Version 2.0 , 2007 .

[241]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Inheritance of workflows: an approach to tackling problems related to change , 2002 .

[242]  Barbara Weber,et al.  Toward enhanced life‐cycle support for declarative processes , 2012, J. Softw. Evol. Process..

[243]  Marlon Dumas,et al.  Modeling Business Process Variability for Design-Time Configuration , 2009, Handbook of Research on Business Process Modeling.

[244]  Fei Cao,et al.  Compiling business processes: untangling unstructured loops in irreducible flow graphs , 2006, Int. J. Web Grid Serv..

[245]  Jan Vanthienen,et al.  Designing Compliant Business Processes with Obligations and Permissions , 2006, Business Process Management Workshops.

[246]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  A New Paradigm for the Enactment and Dynamic Adaptation of Data-Driven Process Structures , 2008, CAiSE.

[247]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Clinical Workflows - The Killer Application for Process-oriented Information Systems? , 2000 .

[248]  Dimitris Karagiannis,et al.  Integrating machine learning and workflow management to support acquisition and adaptation of workflow models , 1998, Proceedings Ninth International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications (Cat. No.98EX130).

[249]  Grzegorz Rozenberg,et al.  Dynamic change within workflow systems , 1995, COCS '95.

[250]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Robust and Flexible Error Handling in the AristaFlow BPM Suite , 2010, CAiSE Forum.

[251]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  A framework for dynamic changes in workflow management systems , 1997, Database and Expert Systems Applications. 8th International Conference, DEXA '97. Proceedings.

[252]  Hector Garcia-Molina,et al.  Modeling long-running activities as nested sagas , 1991 .

[253]  Mathias Weske,et al.  Business process model abstraction: a definition, catalog, and survey , 2012, Distributed and Parallel Databases.

[254]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Discovering Reference Models by Mining Process Variants Using a Heuristic Approach , 2009, BPM.

[255]  Vera Künzle,et al.  A Modeling Paradigm for Integrating Processes and Data at the Micro Level , 2011, BMMDS/EMMSAD.

[256]  Håvard D. Jørgensen,et al.  Interactive Process Models , 2004 .

[257]  Peter S. Pande,et al.  The Six Sigma Way: How GE, Motorola, and Other Top Companies are Honing Their Performance , 2000 .

[258]  Jacques Wainer,et al.  Constraint-Based Flexible Workflows , 2003, CRIWG.

[259]  Reidar Conradi,et al.  Automatic Replanning of Task Networks for Process Model Evolution in EPOS , 1993, ESEC.

[260]  Jan Mendling,et al.  On the refactoring of activity labels in business process models , 2012, Inf. Syst..

[261]  Shazia Wasim Sadiq,et al.  Modeling Control Objectives for Business Process Compliance , 2007, BPM.

[262]  李幼升,et al.  Ph , 1989 .

[263]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Process Mining - Discovery, Conformance and Enhancement of Business Processes , 2011 .

[264]  Volker Gruhn,et al.  Complexity Metrics for business Process Models , 2006, BIS.

[265]  Ralph E. Johnson,et al.  A Refactoring Tool for Smalltalk , 1997, Theory Pract. Object Syst..

[266]  Jan Recker,et al.  Using process mining to learn from process changes in evolutionary systems , 2008, Int. J. Bus. Process. Integr. Manag..

[267]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Process Flexibility: A Survey of Contemporary Approaches , 2008, CIAO! / EOMAS.

[268]  Peter Dadam,et al.  On Enabling Data-Aware Compliance Checking of Business Process Models , 2010, ER.

[269]  Jan Mendling,et al.  Configurable multi-perspective business process models , 2011, Inf. Syst..

[270]  Mark Ryan,et al.  Logic in Computer Science: Modelling and Reasoning about Systems , 2000 .

[271]  K. Beck,et al.  Extreme Programming Explained , 2002 .

[272]  Gregor Engels,et al.  Detecting and Resolving Process Model Differences in the Absence of a Change Log , 2008, BPM.

[273]  Jan Mendling,et al.  Activity labeling in process modeling: Empirical insights and recommendations , 2010, Inf. Syst..

[274]  Hmw Eric Verbeek,et al.  Verification of WF-nets , 2004 .

[275]  Jianwen Su,et al.  A Data-Centric Design Methodology for Business Processes , 2009, Handbook of Research on Business Process Modeling.

[276]  César Muñoz,et al.  An Overview of SAL , 2000 .

[277]  Ralph Bergmann,et al.  Reasoning on Business Processes to Support Change Reuse , 2011, 2011 IEEE 13th Conference on Commerce and Enterprise Computing.

[278]  Jan Mendling,et al.  Detection and prediction of errors in EPCs of the SAP reference model , 2008, Data Knowl. Eng..

[279]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Dynamic, Extensible and Context-Aware Exception Handling for Workflows , 2007, OTM Conferences.

[280]  Mathias Weske,et al.  Integrated Workflow Planning and Coordination , 2003, DEXA.

[281]  Kunal Verma,et al.  Constraint driven Web service composition in METEOR-S , 2004, IEEE International Conference onServices Computing, 2004. (SCC 2004). Proceedings. 2004.

[282]  Olivia R. Liu Sheng,et al.  Formulating the Data-Flow Perspective for Business Process Management , 2006, Inf. Syst. Res..

[283]  Hajo A. Reijers,et al.  Discovering Social Networks from Event Logs , 2005, Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW).

[284]  van der Wmp Wil Aalst,et al.  Workflow data patterns , 2004 .

[285]  Mathias Weske,et al.  Efficient Compliance Checking Using BPMN-Q and Temporal Logic , 2008, BPM.

[286]  Stefanie Rinderle-Ma,et al.  On the Controlled Evolution of Access Rules in Cooperative Information Systems , 2005, OTM Conferences.

[287]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Verification of Workflow Nets , 1997, ICATPN.

[288]  Stefanie Rinderle-Ma,et al.  Change Patterns and Change Support Features in Process-Aware Information Systems , 2007, Seminal Contributions to Information Systems Engineering.

[289]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Workflow Time Patterns for Process-Aware Information Systems , 2010, BMMDS/EMMSAD.

[290]  Carlo Combi,et al.  Flaws in the Flow: The Weakness of Unstructured Business Process Modeling Languages Dealing with Data , 2009, OTM Conferences.

[291]  G. A. Miller.  THE PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW THE MAGICAL NUMBER SEVEN, PLUS OR MINUS TWO: SOME LIMITS ON OUR CAPACITY FOR PROCESSING INFORMATION 1 , 1956 .

[292]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Refactoring large process model repositories , 2011, Comput. Ind..

[293]  Otthein Herzog,et al.  Managing evolving workflow specifications , 1998, Proceedings. 3rd IFCIS International Conference on Cooperative Information Systems (Cat. No.98EX122).

[294]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  The Application of Petri Nets to Workflow Management , 1998, J. Circuits Syst. Comput..

[295]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  View-Based Process Visualization , 2007, BPM.

[296]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Mining business process variants: Challenges, scenarios, algorithms , 2011, Data Knowl. Eng..

[297]  Nadine Gottschalk.  Design and Control of Workflow Processes: Business Process Management for the Service Industry , 2003, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

[298]  Jan Mendling,et al.  Structuredness and its significance for correctness of process models , 2010, Inf. Syst. E Bus. Manag..

[299]  Johann Eder,et al.  Workflow transactions , 1997 .

[300]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Exterminating the Dynamic Change Bug: A Concrete Approach to Support Workflow Change , 2001, Inf. Syst. Frontiers.

[301]  Natalia Sidorova,et al.  Workflow Soundness Revisited: Checking Correctness in the Presence of Data While Staying Conceptual , 2010, CAiSE.

[302]  van der Wmp Wil Aalst,et al.  Workflow resource patterns , 2004 .

[303]  Barbara Weber,et al.  Creating Declarative Process Models Using Test Driven Modeling Suite , 2011, CAiSE Forum.

[304]  Martin Fowler,et al.  Refactoring - Improving the Design of Existing Code , 1999, Addison Wesley object technology series.

[305]  Burkhard Freitag,et al.  Design for Change: Evolving Workflow Specifications in ULTRAflow , 2002, CAiSE.

[306]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Data-Driven Modeling and Coordination of Large Process Structures , 2007, OTM Conferences.

[307]  Frank Leymann,et al.  Supporting Business Transactions Via Partial Backward Recovery In Workflow Management Systems , 1995, BTW.

[308]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Translating unstructured workflow processes to readable BPEL: Theory and implementation , 2008, Inf. Softw. Technol..

[309]  Rüdiger Pryss,et al.  Enabling Poka-Yoke Workflows with the AristaFlow BPM Suite , 2009, BPM.

[310]  Pedro Antunes,et al.  Supporting effective unexpected exceptions handling in workflow management systems , 2007, SAC '07.

[311]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Prozeßreengineering und -automatisierung in klinischen Anwendungsumgebungen , 1996, GMDS.

[312]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Enabling Process Support for Advanced Applications with the AristaFlow BPM Suite , 2010, BPM.

[313]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Declarative workflows: Balancing between flexibility and support , 2009, Computer Science - Research and Development.

[314]  Jacques Wainer,et al.  Workflow Modeling Using Proclets , 2000, CoopIS.

[315]  Bartosz Kiepusewski,et al.  Expressiveness and suitability of languages for control flow modelling in workflows , 2003 .

[316]  Rob J. van Glabbeek,et al.  Branching time and abstraction in bisimulation semantics , 1996, JACM.

[317]  Yaron Denekamp,et al.  Learning the Context of a Clinical Process , 2009, Business Process Management Workshops.

[318]  Stefanie Rinderle-Ma,et al.  Providing Integrated Life Cycle Support in Process-Aware Information Systems , 2009, Int. J. Cooperative Inf. Syst..

[319]  Janet L. Kolodner,et al.  Case-Based Reasoning , 1988, IJCAI 1989.

[320]  Peter Dadam,et al.  Correctness criteria for dynamic changes in workflow systems - a survey , 2004, Data Knowl. Eng..

[321]  Mathias Weske,et al.  Triggering Replanning in an Integrated Workflow Planning and Enactment System , 2004, ADBIS.

[322]  Mathias Weske,et al.  Formal foundation and conceptual design of dynamic adaptations in a workflow management system , 2001, Proceedings of the 34th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

[323]  Marlon Dumas,et al.  Structuring acyclic process models , 2010, Inf. Syst..

[324]  Remco M. Dijkman,et al.  Human and automatic modularizations of process models to enhance their comprehension , 2011, Inf. Syst..

[325]  Barbara Weber,et al.  User Assistance during Process Execution - An Experimental Evaluation of Recommendation Strategies , 2010, Business Process Management Workshops.

[326]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  DecSerFlow: Towards a Truly Declarative Service Flow Language , 2006, WS-FM.

[327]  M. Hammer,et al.  Reengineering the Corporation , 1993 .

[328]  Jan Recker,et al.  How Much Language Is Enough? Theoretical and Practical Use of the Business Process Modeling Notation , 2008, CAiSE.

[329]  Barry W. Boehm,et al.  Software Engineering Economics , 1993, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering.

[330]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Worklets: A Service-Oriented Implementation of Dynamic Flexibility in Workflows , 2006, OTM Conferences.

[331]  I. Weber,et al.  Semantic Business Process Validation , 2008 .

[332]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Employing Semantically Driven Adaptation for Amalgamating Software Quality Assurance with Process Management , 2010 .

[333]  Mike Cohn,et al.  Agile Estimating and Planning , 2005 .

[334]  van der Wmp Wil Aalst,et al.  Workflow control-flow patterns : a revised view , 2006 .

[335]  Stefanie Rinderle-Ma,et al.  Data Flow Correctness in Adaptive Workflow Systems , 2009, EMISA Forum.

[336]  Maria E. Orlowska,et al.  Data Flow and Validation in Workflow Modelling , 2004, ADC.

[337]  Irene Barba,et al.  Supporting the Optimized Execution of Business Processes through Recommendations , 2011, Business Process Management Workshops.

[338]  Charles T. Davies,et al.  Data Processing Spheres of Control , 1978, IBM Syst. J..

[339]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Contextual Injection of Quality Measures into Software Engineering Processes , 2011 .

[340]  Colette Rolland,et al.  A Comprehensive View of Process Engineering , 1998, CAiSE.

[341]  Carlo Ghezzi,et al.  Process Model Evolution in the SPADE Environment , 1993, IEEE Trans. Software Eng..

[342]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Adeptflex—Supporting Dynamic Changes of Workflows Without Losing Control , 1998, Journal of Intelligent Information Systems.

[343]  William F. Opdyke,et al.  Refactoring object-oriented frameworks , 1992 .

[344]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Towards Flexible Process Support on Mobile Devices , 2010, CAiSE Forum.

[345]  Remco M. Dijkman,et al.  Merging Business Process Models , 2010, OTM Conferences.

[346]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Formalization and verification of event-driven process chains , 1999, Inf. Softw. Technol..

[347]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Managing Process Variants in the Process Life Cycle , 2007, ICEIS.

[348]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Decision Mining in ProM , 2006, Business Process Management.