W4S: A real-time system detecting and tracking people in 2 1/2D

W4S is a real time visual surveillance system for detecting and tracking people and monitoring their activities in an outdoor environment by integrating realtime stereo computation into an intensitybased detection and tracking system. Unlike many systems for tracking people, W4S makes no use of color cues. Instead, W4S employs a combination of stereo, shape analysis and tracking to locate people and their parts (head, hands, feet, torso) and create models of people's appearance so that they can be tracked through interactions such as occlusions. W4S is capable of simultaneously tracking multiple people even with occlusion. It runs at 5–20 Hz for 320×120 resolution images on a dual-pentium 200 PC.

[1]  Alex Pentland,et al.  Pfinder: Real-Time Tracking of the Human Body , 1997, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[2]  Michael J. Black,et al.  Cardboard people: a parameterized model of articulated image motion , 1996, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition.

[3]  Christoph Bregler,et al.  Learning and recognizing human dynamics in video sequences , 1997, Proceedings of IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[4]  Matti Pietikäinen,et al.  Color segmentation by hierarchical connected components analysis with image enhancement by symmetric neighborhood filters , 1990, [1990] Proceedings. 10th International Conference on Pattern Recognition.

[5]  Kurt Konolige,et al.  Small Vision Systems: Hardware and Implementation , 1998 .

[6]  Takeo Kanade,et al.  A stereo machine for video-rate dense depth mapping and its new applications , 1996, Proceedings CVPR IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[7]  James W. Davis,et al.  Real-time recognition of activity using temporal templates , 1996, Proceedings Third IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision. WACV'96.

[8]  James W. Davis,et al.  Real-time closed-world tracking , 1997, Proceedings of IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.